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İslâm dininin temel ibadetlerinden birisi olan ve hicretin 8. yılında (M. 630) Mekke'nin fethinden bir sene sonra müminler üzerine farz kılınan hac ibadeti, farz kılındığı ilk yıldan günümüze kadar, şartlarına gücü yeten her müslümanın gerçekleştirmek istediği bir ibadettir. Ancak haccın ifa edilebilmesi için bireyin hususi şartlarının kâmil olmasının haricinde, yaşadığı coğrafyanın ve tâbisi olduğu devletin de uzun ve tehlikelerle dolu güzergâhta hac ibadetini ifada asgari şartları sağlaması gerekliydi. Bundan mütevellid hacı adayları, bu uzun ve zahmetli yolculuğa, devletin düzenlediği organizasyonlara dâhil olarak iştirak ederlerdi. Müslüman devletler için de vatandaşlarını hacca sağ salim götürmek ve getirmek bir meşruiyet meselesi olduğu için oldukça önemliydi. Memlûk Devleti'nin hakiki anlamda kurucusu olarak kabul edilen ez-Zâhir Baybars, mahmil adı verilen ve bir devenin üzerine yerleştirilmiş koni şeklinde süslü bir çadırı, büyük bir törenle Mısır hac kafilesiyle birlikte Kâhire'den Mekke'ye göndererek hem İslâm âleminde daha önce var olmayan bir âdeti başlatmış oldu hem de bu suretle hem Hicaz bölgesinin hem de tüm Müslümanların hamisi olduğu mesajını tüm Müslüman devletlere iletmiş oldu. Bir diğer meşruiyet meselesi de, kisve adı verilen Kâbe örtüsünün dokunup gönderilmesiydi. Kâbe örtüsünün gönderilmesi gibi şerefli bir görev, Mekke ve Medine'yi siyasî olarak kontrol altında tutan devletlerin bir imtiyazı olmuştu. Aynı zamanda bu imtiyaz, İslâm âleminin en güçlü devleti olunduğunun da bir göstergesi olması bakımından devletler bu işe ziyadesi ile ehemmiyet göstermişlerdi. Bu çalışmada, Memlûkler zamanında hac mahmili ve mahmil kutlamalarından, Kâbe örtüsünden, hac kafilesinden ve görevlilerinden ve hac kafilesinin güvenliğinin sağlanmasından bahsedilecektir.
It is one of the basic worship of the Islamic religion and a year after the conquest of Mecca in the 8th year of the Hicret (M. 630) the worship of the Haj is a worship that every Muslim who has the power to fulfill from the first year of the worship to the present day. But in order to be fulfilled by the hacker, except that the individual's specific conditions were camil, the geography in which he lived and the state in which he followed also needed to provide the minimum conditions for the expression of the hacker's worship on the long and dangerous path. Thus, the modest candidates would participate in this long and difficult journey, including the organizations organized by the state. It was very important for the Muslim states to take and bring their citizens to the right and right because it was a matter of legitimacy. As the true founder of the Memlûk State, Ez-Zâhir Baybars, a decorated tent in the form of a county named Mahmil and placed on a cave, with a great ceremony sent from Cairo to Mecca with the Egyptian hacks, has launched an edition that has not previously existed in the Islamic world, and in this way has passed the message that both the Hicaz region and all Muslims are the worshippers of all Muslim states. Another question of legitimacy was the touching and sending the cover of the Kabbalah called Kishve. An honorable task, such as sending the cover of the Cave, was a privilege of the states that held Mecca and Medina politically under control. In addition, this privilege was also an indicator of the fact that the Islamic state was an all-powerful state, and the states showed their favour with this work. In this study, the Memlûkler will talk about the celebrations of the Haj Mahmili and Mahmili in time, the Cave Cover, the Haj Kafila and its officials and the security of the Haj Kafila.
ABSTRACT In the 8th year of the Hijri calendar (M. 630), the pilgrimage of worship, imposed upon the believers one year after the conquest of Mecca in the year of the conquest, is a worship that every Muslim who has the power to fulfil its conditions until the present. However, apart from the fact that the individual's special conditions were perfect for the pilgrim to be performed, the state where they lived, and the state where they were taboo, had to meet the minimum requirements for the pilgrimage of the individual on the long and dangerous path. From this, the pilgrim candidates would participate in this long and labour-intensive journey by organizing state-organized organizations.It was also important for Muslim states to take and bring their citizens on a pilgrimage, as a legitimacy issue. Al-Zahir Baybars, considered the founder of the MamlukState, send a conical shaped tent called mahmel, which was placed on a camel, from Cairo to Mecca in a great ceremony together with the Egyptian pilgrimage. In this way, he initiated a tradition which had not existed before in Islamic world and he conveyed the message that he was the patron of both the Hejaz region and all Muslims to all the witnesses on the pilgrims. Another issue of legitimacy was the issue of touching the veil of the Kaaba called kisva. An honourable task, such as the sending of the cover of the Kaaba, was a concession of the states which controlled Mecca and Medina politically. At the same time, this concession was an indicator of the fact that the Islamic world was the largest and most reliable state, and states showed great importance in this regard. In this study, it will be mentioned that in Mamluks, the security of the pilgrimage and the mahmel celebrations, the cupboard, the pilgrimage and the officers and the security of the pilgrimage will be discussed.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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