Atıf Sayısı
7
Görüntüleme
96
İndirme
32
Sanayileşme başta Avrupa ve Amerika’da olmak üzere dönemin gelişmekte olan coğrafyalarında geniş halk kitlelerinin sosyo-ekonomik beklentilerine cevap verememiştir. 19. yüzyıl kapitalizmi ise sanayileşmeyi bir sömürü aracı olarak kullanmış, fabrika sahiplerinin ucuz işgücü ve doğal kaynak taleplerine herhangi bir sınırlama getirmeksizin ulusal ve uluslararası sömürünün önünü açmıştır. Turgot, Smith, Ricardo ve Malthus gibi ilk dönem iktisatçılarının teorilerine hâkim olan; ekonomik açıdan güçsüz ve zayıf olanın ortadan kalkması, yalnızca güçlünün yaşamını devam ettirmesi anlayışı; Darwin tarafından biyolojik verilerle desteklenmeye çalışılarak “doğal seçilim” mekanizması tanımlamasıyla evrimin temel dayanak noktası haline getirilmiştir. Nüfusun geometrik bir şekilde çoğalırken, yiyecek arzının aritmetik bir şekilde artacağını ve bu durumun kitlesel açlığa yol açacağını öngören Klasik dönem iktisatçısı Thomas Robert Malthus’un nüfus teorisi; çağdaşı biyolog Darwin’de evrim teorisi olarak karşılık bulmuştur. Çünkü Malthus’un teorisinde yer alan; mevcut gıda kaynaklarının yetersizliği nedeniyle fakir, beceriksiz ve güçsüz olanların, bu kaynaklara diğerleri kadar başarılı bir şekilde erişememesi ve böylece ölerek elenmeleri, güçlü olanın yaşaması, güçsüzün ise doğal seleksiyona uğraması anlamını taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada 19. yüzyıl kapitalist anlayışının Darwin’in evrim teorisinde karşılık bulduğu hususu araştırma konusu yapılmıştır.
Industrialization has failed to respond to the socio-economic expectations of the large masses of people in developing geographies of the period, especially in Europe and America. 19th century capitalism has used industrialization as a means of exploitation, and has paved the way for national and international exploitation without limiting the cheap labor and natural resources demands of factory owners. The main idea of early economists such as Turgot, Smith, Ricardo and Malthus that could be summarized as "the economically weak and poor are to go extinct and only the strong continues the living" was turned into the basis of evolution theory which was supported by biological feeds and named as "natural selection" by Darwin. In this study, the reasons that the evolutionary theory proposed by Darwin as an unchanging law, and the attempt to legitimize evolutionary thought in society have been analyzed. The population theory of the classical economist Thomas Robert Malthus, who predicted that the population would increase in a geometric manner, and that the supply of food would increase arithmetically and this would lead to mass hunger; his contemporary biologist has responded to Darwin as the theory of evolution. As Malthus' theory involved; it means that those who are poor, incompetent and powerless because of the lack of available food resources cannot reach these resources as successfully as others, thus the strong will survive and the weak will be destroyed by natural selection. In this study, the 19th century capitalist approach was found in Darwin's theory of evolution.
Industrialization has failed to respond to the socio-economic expectations of the large masses of people in developing geographies of the period, especially in Europe and America. 19th century capitalism has used industrialization as means of exploitation, and has paved the way for national and international exploitation without limiting the cheap labor and natural resource demands of factory owners. The main idea of early economists such as Turgot, Smith, Ricardo and Malthus that could be summarized as “the economically weak and poor are to go extinct and only the strong continues the living” was turned into the base of evolution theory which was supported by biological feeds and named as “natural selection” by Darwin. In this study, the reasons that the evolutionary theory proposed by Darwin as an unchanging law, and the attempt to legitimize evolutionary thought in society have been analyzed. The population theory of the classical economist Thomas Robert Malthus, who predicted that the population would increase in a geometric manner, and that the supply of food would increase arithmetically and this would lead to mass starvation; his contemporary biologist has responded to Darwin as the theory of evolution. As Malthus' theory involved; it means that those who are poor, incompetent and powerless because of the lack of available food resources cannot reach these resources as successfully as others, thus the strong will survive and the weak will be destroyed by natural selection. In this study, 19th century capitalist approach was found in Darwin's theory of evolution.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
Makale Detay 
Atıf Yapanlar
Benzer Makaleler
PDF Görüntüle
Dergi Bilgisi
Eseri Dinleyin
Bu Sayfayı Yazdırın
Paylaş
Mendeley
