Özet:

This article examines al-Kalam (Islamic theology) and fiqh (Islamic law; jurisprudence) in al-Fârâbî's philosophical system. The two sciences are investigated initially as religious sciences in traditional classification of sciences in Islamic thought. But, Al-Farabî firstly classified sciences as theoretical philosophy and practical philosophy on the ground of the traditional philosophical division of theoretical intellect and practical intellect based on Aristotle. The practical sciences consists of politics, ethics, and management of home. In this context, Al-Farabî nominated the sciences under the science of society as universal in respect of their themes, methods, and principles. Because of fiqh and kalam are following conditions of a specific religion, they are not formulated as the same status in terms with their sources, methods, and themes. This article examines Al-Farabî’s descriptions of the two religious sciences, attributes of specialists of two sciences, and methods of two sciences.

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