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VII. yüzyılda Hazar Devleti’nin hâkimiyeti ile başlayan süreçte Kırım uluslararası bir ticarî alan haline getirilmişti. Hazar Devleti, dünya ticaretinin Karadeniz çevresindeki bu yeni merkezini kontrol altında tutarak ülkesine gelen yabancı tüccarlardan aldığı %10’luk gümrük vergisini genelleştirmiş, Ruslar ve İtil Bulgarlarından aldıkları malları diğer ülkelere satarak zenginleşmişti. Hazarlardan sonra Peçenekler buraya hâkim olarak Kırım’ın uluslararası ticaret sahası haline getirilmesinde pay sahibi oldular. Selçukluların Ortadoğu’da hâkim oldukları XI-XIII. yüzyıllarda Karadeniz’in kuzeyinde ve Kırım’da hâkimiyet kuran Kıpçak Türkleri bu politikayı devam ettirdiler. Kıpçaklar, Hazarların ekonomik politikalarını devam ettirerek tüccarlardan aldıkları %10 gümrük vergisi ile yetinip, İtil bölgesinden aldıkları malları üçüncü ülkelere satarak, aracı rolü üstlendiler. Selçuklu tacirlerinin oradaki ticaretlerinin engellenmesi üzerine Sultan Alâeddin Keykûbad Kastamonu beyi Hüsameddin Çoban’ı 1225’te Selçuklu donanması ile Kırım üzerine gönderdi ve Suğdak’ı ele geçirdi. Buradaki Selçuklu hâkimiyeti, 1229’da Moğolların orayı işgal ettikleri zamana kadar devam etti.
The VII. In the course of the century with the domination of the Hazar State, Crimea became an international trade area. The Khazarian state has generalized the 10% tariff on foreign merchants coming to its country by keeping this new center of world trade in the Black Sea under control, and has enriched by selling the goods they buy from the Russians and the Italians to other countries. After the Hazars, the Pechenians took part in the creation of Crimea as a ruling international trade area. Those who ruled in the Middle East were XI-XIII. For centuries, the Turkish-Kipchak rulers in the North of the Black Sea and in Crimea continued this policy. Through the continuation of the economic policies of the Hazarers, they satisfied the 10% customs tax they received from traders and sold the goods they received from the Ital region to third countries, taking the role of the instrument. On the blocking of the trade of the Selçuklu merchants there, Sultan Alâeddin Keykûbad Kastamonu sent Mr. Hüsameddin Çoban in 1225 with the Selçuklu fleet to Crimea and captured Suğdak. The Selçuklu rule here continued until the Mongols occupied it in 1229.
Crimea was turned into an area of international trade in the 7th century, during the period in which Khazar Qaganate became sovereign. Having control over the new trading center around the Black Sea, the Hazar Qaganate generalized the 10% customs duty that was gained from the foreign traders coming to the country, and it got wealthy by selling goods that they bought from the Russians and Volga Bulgarians, to other countries. After the Khazars, Pechenegs dominated this region, having a role in making Crimea an international trade area as well. The Kipchak Turks, who were dominating the Northern Black Sea and Crimea in the 11th to13th century, continued this policy when the Seljukians had dominiation over the Middle East. Continuing the economic policies of the Hazars, Kipchaks settled for10% customs duty from the traders and played an intermediary role by selling the goods that they bought from Volga region to third countries. When the Seljukian traders were prevented from doing trade in that area, Sultan Alâeddin Keykubad started a campaign against Crimea with the Seljukian fleet in 1225, led by the governor of Kastamonu, Hüsameddin Çoban, after which he captured Sudak. The Seljukian dominance in this region continued until the Mongolian invasion in 1229.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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