Abstract:

In this study, from the latter periods of the Ottoman, from the beginning of the 1900s to the early years of the 21st century, a hundred years of historical process of commercial fishing in the Black Sea was studied according to the socio-political and socio-economic changes of the state. A parallel between the development of fishing and the implementation of government policies has been identified. These periods are, respectively, (i) the period prior to the 1950s in which single-party, state economic policies were implemented, (ii) the period between 1950 and 1980s in which multi-party, planned and semi-liberal economies were implemented, and (iii) the period of transition to the market economy and the period of growth and development of fishing, and the first years of the 1980s and 21st centuries. At the beginning of the period, there is no mention of the existence of any fishing industry in the region. Low fish prices, small boats, traditional and primitive methods of hunting did not provide the employees with an adequate income and guarantee. Fishing is done according to traditional procedures and local hunting activities such as yunus, morina and hamsi hunting are in the forefront. However, despite the increased hunting efforts in the Black Sea over about 30 years from the early 1980s to the first quarter of the 2000s, there was no parallel increase in the number of hunting to the ground. Especially this decline was observed in more demersal stocks. The decrease in demersal stocks, which began in the late 1980s, reached its highest level in the late 2010s. The condition of the stock is this indicator of collapse. In the same way, the number and technological development of the Black Sea fishing fleet is not profitable in terms of hunting productivity, on the contrary, in this process, the hunting in unit effort has fallen. From today, it is possible to say that the sustainability of a fisheries industry based on mercury only is largely at risk.

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