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Bu çalışmanın amacı, göç konusuyla ilgili bazı kavramlara değinmekle birlikte göçmenlerin Avrupa’ya ulaşmak amacıyla kullandıkları yasa dışı göç rotasını incelemek ve Avrupa, İtalya ve Türkiye’nin bu soruna yönelik çözüm önerilerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu konu bağlamında çalışmada dünyadaki göçmen durumuyla ilgili Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) raporları incelenmiş ve göçmenlerle ilgili sayısal verilere yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca Türkiye’deki Suriyeli göçmenlerin durumuna da değinilerek göçmen, mülteci ve sığınmacı gibi birbiriyle karışan kavramların farkı belirtilmiştir. Yasa dışı göçün en önemli unsurlarından olan göçmen kaçakçılığı suçunun Türk ve İtalyan kanunlarına göre ceza durumuna ve İtalya’da 2002 yılında değişen göç kanunlarının göçmen kaçakçılığı açısından değişen hüküm ve sonuçlarına yer verilmiştir. Avrupa’ya ulaşmak amacıyla kullanılan en yaygın kaçakçılık hatları ve rotaları incelenmiş ve Akdeniz’de rotalara göre gerçekleşen ölüm oranlarına değinilmiştir. Yine Avrupa ve İtalya’nın bu bölgede kaçakçılığı önlemek için yaptığı çalışmalar araştırılmıştır. Zira İtalya, Avrupa’nın yürüttüğü Frontex’ten farklı olarak ‘’Mare Nostrum’’ ve ‘’Constrant Vigilance’’ gibi kendi operasyonlarıyla bölgede faaliyetler yürütmektedir. Bölgede yapılan birçok operasyona rağmen, istenilen başarı sağlanamamıştır. Sonuç olarak özellikle İtalya üzerinden gerçekleşen rotada son yıllarda meydana gelen ölümler ciddi oranda artmış ve Akdeniz zamanla ölüm denizi haline gelmiştir. Son tahlilde, ölümlerinin engellenmesi için çözüm önerileri üzerinde durulmuştur.
The purpose of this study is to relate some of the terms associated with the migration case and to analyze the illegal migration flow which is caused by the immigrants who want to reach Europe. This article will also seek out the solutions created by Europe and finally it will reveal the missing aspects of rescue operations carried out by Europe, Italy and Turkey themselves. Relevant to this issue the United Nations’ report on the World migration case has been analyzed and digital data has been given regarding the migrants. Moreover, the case of Syrians living in Turkey touched on and distinguished some terms such as migrants, refugees and asylum seekers which can be sometimes confusing. The migrant smuggling crime as one of the most significant elements of illegal migration and the punishment case according to Turkish and Italian laws and the changes provision and consequences of the changed migration law have been mentioned in the aspects of migrant smuggling in Italy in 2002. The most commonly used smuggling route and line in order to reach to Europe has been focused on as well as the death rates, according to the Mediterranean routes that were examined in the study. Some efforts that conducted by Europe and Italy to prevent smuggling in this region have been analyzed. According to the findings of this study, Italy is conducting its own activity in the region such as “Mare Nostrum” and “Constant Vigilance” operations unlike Europe’s Frontex operation but, in contrast with many operations in the region, the targeted success was not achieved out. As a result, this case has profoundly increased the death rates especially the route of Italy which eventually led the Mediterranean Sea called "Death Sea". In the final analysis, the numerical death rate and solution offers in order to decrease this rate, has been
The purpose of this study is to related some of the terms associated with migration case and to analyze the illegal migration flow which is caused by the immigrants who wants to reach Europe. This article will also seek out the solutions created by Europe and finally it will reveal the missing aspects of rescue operations carried out by Europe, Italy and Turkey themselves. Relevant to this issue the United Nations' report on the World migration case has been analyzed and digital data has been given regarding the migrants. Moreover, the case of Syrians living in Turkey touched on and distinguished some terms such as migrant, refugee and asylum seeker which can be sometimes confusing. The migrant smuggling crime as one of the most significant element of illegal migration and the punishment case according to Turkish and Italian laws and the changes provision and consequences of the changed migration law have been mentioned in the aspects of migrant smuggling in Italy in 2002. The most common used smuggling route and line in order to reach to Europe has been focused on as well as the death rates, according to the Mediterranean routes which were examined in the study. Some efforts that conducted by Europe and Italy to prevent smuggling in this region have been analyzed. According to the findings of this study, Italy is conducting its own activity in the region such as ‘'Mare Nostrum'' and ‘'Constant Vigilance'' operations unlike Europe's Frontex operation but, in contrast with many operations in the region, the targeted success was not reached out. As a result, this case has profoundly increased the death rates especially the route of Italy which eventually led the Mediterranean sea called ‘'Death Sea’’. In the final analysis, the numerical death rate and solution offers in order to decrease this rate, has been reported.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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