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Eski Mezopotamyalılar ölümden sonra yaşamın devam ettiğine inanmaktaydı. Bir kimse öldüğünde onun için çeşitli ritüellerin yapıldığı bir cenaze töreni düzenlenir ve ardından gömülürdü. Ölen kimsenin bedeninden ayrılarak öteki dünyaya gitmiş olan varlığa ise eṭemmu (GIDIM) “ruh” denilmekteydi. Eski Mezopotamya yazılı kaynaklarında öteki dünya, genellikle kasvetli ve dünyadan daha kötü bir yer olarak tasvir edilmektedir. Ölüler diyarına gitmiş bir ruh için yakınları tarafından yiyecek ve içecek sunuları yapılması gerekmekteydi. Ölü sunularından sorumlu kimse ilk olarak en büyük erkek çocuktu, eğer erkek evlat yoksa bir kız evlat ya da evlatlık bu sorumluluğu yerine getirebilirdi. Ölen kimse için cenaze ritüeli gerçekleştirilmez ya da bu sunular yapılmazsa ruhların başta yakınları olmak üzere insanlara saldırdıklarına inanılmaktaydı. Çalışmamızda Kültepe bulunmuş Asurlulara ait metinlerindeki ruhlarla ilgili bilgiler incelenecek ve Mezopotamya’dan Anadolu’ya ticaret yapmak maksadıyla gelen Asurlu tüccarların benzer inançlara sahip olduğu görülecektir.
Ancient Mesopotamians had believed in life after death. When a person died, he was buried after the funeral in which he performed several rituals. The being, called eṭemmu (GIDIM) "spirit", departed from the body of a dead person and went to the netherworld according to their beliefs. In written sources of ancient Mesopotamia, the netherworld have generally depicted as a place in bad condition and glomy. Funerary offerings should have been performed by relatives for spirits reaching to the other world. Firstly, eldest son of a decedent was responsible for funeral offerings. The daughter or adoptee of a decedent could carry out this duty in the absence of a end. It was believed that if funeral rituals and offerings were not fulfilled for a decedent, its spirits may attack family members or the others. In this study, the related Kültepe texts belonged to Assyrians, will be examined and it will be seen that Assyrian traders who came from Mesopotamia to Anatolia for trading and settled in the several Anatolian cities, had similar beliefs to ancient Mesopotamians.
Ancient Mesopotamians had believed in life after death. When a person died, he was buried after the funeral in which performed several rituals. The being, called eṭemmu (GIDIM) “spirit”, departed from the body of a dead person and went to the netherworld according to their beliefs. In written sources of ancient Mesopotamia, the netherworld have generally depicted as a place in bad condition and gloomy. Funerary offerings should had been performed by relatives for spirits reaching to the other world. Firstly, eldest son of a decedent was responsible for funerary offerings. Daughter or adoptee of a decedent could carry out this duty in absence of a son. It was believed that if funerary rituals and offerings did not fulfill for a decedent, its spirits may attack to family members or the others. In this study, the related Kültepe texts belonged to Assyrians, will be examined and it will be seen that Assyrian traders who came from Mesopotamia to Anatolia for trading and settled in the several Anatolian cities, had similar beliefs to ancient Mesopotamians.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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