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Bu deneme Durkheim’ın toplumu bir özne (fail) ve toplumsal olguları bir nesne olarak nasıl kavramsallaştırdığı hakkındadır. Onun temel çalışmalarından hareketle ve Marx ve Tönnies’in kolektif özne-faillik anlayışı ile yapılan bir karşılaştırmaya dayalı olarak denemenin temel iddiası şudur: Durkheim açısından bir özne fail olarak toplum, üyelerinin faaliyetlerinin aynı tekil ahlaki varlığın ortak bekasını temine yöneltilmiş bilinçli kolektif çabada, bu çabayı gösterecek bireylerin sosyalizasyonunda ve bu varlığın varoluşunu tehdit eden eylemlere karşı düzeltici müeyyidelerin olduğu yerde bir fail olarak mevcuttur. Bunun dışındaki çabalar ve faaliyetler değişik derecelerde ve mahiyette olmak üzere, bir toplumdan daha az bir varlık ve faillik haline karşılık gelirler.
This essay examines Durkheim’s conception of society as a subject (agent) and social fact as a thing. Through a close reading of his major works and by comparing his concept with that of Tönnies and Marx, the essay argues that in Durkheim’s conception, society as a true and real subject exists insofar as it directs the efforts of its members to secure its own collective survival as a single moral being by socializing its members who are committed to this objective and applying corrective sanctions against actions that threaten its survival. All other efforts and actions are manifestations of a subject that is less than a society.
This essay examines Durkheim’s conception of society as a subject (agent) and social fact as a thing. Through a close reading of his major works and by comparing his concept with that of Tönnies and Marx, the essay argues that in Durkheim’s conception, society as a true and real subject exists insofar as it directs the efforts of its members toward securing its own collective survival as a single moral being by socializing its members who are committed to this objective and applying corrective sanctions against actions that threaten its survival. All other efforts and actions are manifestations of a subject that is lesser than a society.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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