Abstract:

Organization features of the water protection zones and strips in small river basins (on the example of Kazakhstan and Russia) RESUME In the modern period, water bodies are subject to a significant influence of anthropogenic factors, which negatively affect the ecological state of the geosystems of small river basins. Ultimately, this leads to a significant transformation of the hydrological regime in river basins, an increase in erosion processes, and a decrease in water quality. The main anthropogenic pressure falls on the small river basin, which are the most common elements of the hydrographic network of Kazakhstan and Russia. First of all, this relates to regions where conducting economic activity is combined with a natural predisposition to the emergence of water and environmental problems. Central Kazakhstan also belongs to such regions. One of the priorities for protection and restoration of water bodies, improving their hydrological regime and sanitary condition is the establishment of water protection zones and strips of surface water bodies. Environmental protection measures and compliance with the rules of nature management within water protection zones can significantly decrease the anthropogenic pressure. This article discusses the organization features and regime of establishing water protection zones and strips in small river basins using the experience of Russia and Kazakhstan. The results obtained during the study contribute to solving the problems of protecting small rivers and predicting their ecological state. Thus, they allow to jointly solve many problems related to the nature management of bordering countries.

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