Özet:

During the historical development spread over long centuries, Turkic peoples benefited from various writing systems. Today, Turks are mostly writing with alphabets in the Latin or Cyrillic system. But the longest living writing, which has the widest range of geographically and chronologically, has undoubtedly been the Arabic alphabet. This article has been in use for more than a thousand years in the plains from Central Asia to Baykal, from the Near East to the Middle Volga. Hundreds of literary, religious, philosophical, and scientific works were written in Arabic language and in various Turkic writing languages and dialects, and thousands of books were copied from their original form. We have come to a conclusion with 30 years of archaeographic research in progress: The archaeological surveys carried out in Kazan University from 1961-1983 to the present day revealed special investigations on the coasts of Volga-Ural, Sibir (more precisely, from Moscow-Ryazan to the shores of Baykal Lake) more than 830 Tatar villages and partly in some cities. As a result, more than 1000 manuscripts and more than 2000 different types of printed books, hence rare newspapers and magazines were collected and delivered to the library for protection. Therefore, the effective collection and research work of the ancient Tatar manuscripts in eastern languages in Russia depends on the occurrence and rise of the Orientalist science in Kazan University. As we know, Karl Fuks, Martin Fren, İbrahim Halfin, Aleksandr Kazembek, İlya Berezin and Yusuf Gottwald have a big share in the achievements of Kazan orientalism, or rather the archeography. Among the Tatar scholars, it is necessary to mention the Shihabeddin Mardjani, Huseyn Faizhanov, Kayyum Nasiri, Rizaeddin Fahreddin, Hadi Atlasi and Sayid Vahidis among those who have contributed to the study, compilation and investigation of our manuscript heritage. The external appearance of the manuscripts created in our country also has documentary resource importance. Unlike other Muslim peoples, the Tatar manuscripts were formed mainly by representatives of the middle and lower layers. From the 16th to the 19th century, there is no real book market in the Tatars. The vast majority of the Tatar manuscript was written for their own needs, by the ordinary madrasa students (shakird) who came from the middle and lower layers and written by, amount 90 percent, the clergy who was economically beter than the madrasa students. In other words, the external appearance and physical assets of the Tatar manuscripts give information about the people's financial means.

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