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2011’den itibaren devam eden Suriye kaynaklı göç hareketliliği, 2010’da başlayan Arap Baharı (siyasal – sosyal hareketler serisi) içinde değerlendirilen Suriye İç Savaşı’nın sonucudur. Göç hareketliliği, ortaya çıkışı, gelişimi ve etkileri bakımından çok katmanlıdır. Tarihsel açıdan geçmişle, günümüzle ve gelecekle ilgili unsurlara sahiptir. Ortadoğu’nun tüm tarihsel dönemlerinden arta kalan etnik, dini, kültürel yapılar varlıklarını sürdürmektedir ve 20. yüzyıl başlarından itibaren yaşanan gelişmeler bu unsurlar arasındaki ilişkileri, iş birliklerini, rekabetleri derinleştirerek günümüzde yaşananların tarihsel zeminini oluşturmuştur. Ortadoğu’nun siyasal-kültürel yapısının heterojen karakteri de bu iç savaşı etkilemiş durumdadır. En önemlisi petrol olmak üzere doğal kaynakların ele geçirilmesine yönelik uluslararası rekabetin, bölge dışı devletlerin, uluslararası kuruluşların ve terörist grupların bölgedeki aşiret, tarikat, siyasi parti, legal ya da illegal örgütler hatta hükümetlerle dönemlere göre değişen ittifaklar, koalisyonlar ortaya çıkarmasıdır. Bir başka katman da her biri eski uygarlıkların bakiyesi kentlerin yıkımı sorunudur. Yıkım, savaşan tarafların kenti ele geçirmek için uygulandığı ve ele geçirildiğinde son verilen bir sınırlılıkta kalmamaktadır. Kentin mimari ve tarihi yapıları ortadan kaldırılmakta, tapu ve nüfus kayıtları imha edilmekte, demografik yapının değişimi için kent sakinleri göçe zorlanmakta ve ülkenin "başka yerlerinden insanların kente yerleşmeleri” özendirilmektedir. Kent odaklı mekansal değişimlere ek olarak kentlerin idari yapılarında “meclis”, “öz yönetim”, “komisyon” benzeri adlarla yeni yönetim modelleri denenmektedir. 1916’da Sykes Picot Anlaşması ile oluşturulan, Ortadoğu’nun heterojen, etnik-kültürel dağınıklığını dikkate almayan sınır düzenlemeleri yerini homojenleştirilmiş, etnik – kültürel kimliklerin kendilerine ait kentlere, bölgelere yığıldıkları yeni bir Ortadoğu inşa edildiğini göstermektedir. Bu makalede, Suriye İç Savaşı’ndaki tarafların siyasal ve ideolojik eylemleri incelenerek “Suriye'de Etnik Kompozisyonun Göç Yoluyla Mekâna Yeniden Dağılımı ve De Facto Federe Kent Yapılanmaları” hipotezi tartışılmaktadır.
The continued migration movement from Syria since 2011 is the result of the Syrian Civil War, which was evaluated in the Arab Spring (a series of political-social movements) which began in 2010. Immigration is multi-layered in terms of mobility, appearance, development and effects. Historically, it has elements related to the past, the present and the future. The ethnic, religious and cultural structures that remained from all the historical periods of the Middle East continue to exist, and the developments from the beginning of the 20th century have deepened the relations between these elements, the trade unions, the competitions, and formed the historic ground of what is happening today. The heterogeneous character of the political and cultural structure of the Middle East is also affected by this Civil War. Most importantly, the international competition for the capture of natural resources, including petroleum, is that the non-regional states, international organizations and terrorist groups in the region have allies, coalitions, which vary by period with the governments, and political parties, legal or illegal organizations. Another layer is the question of the destruction of the cities of the balance of ancient civilizations. The destruction does not remain within a limit given when the struggling parties are applied to capture the city and when it is captured. The city’s architectural and historical structures are being destroyed, the tapus and population records are being destroyed, the city’s residents are being forced to migrate for the demographic structure change, and the country’s “most places of people’s settlement in the city” is encouraged. In addition to urban-focused spatial changes, new management models are tested in the administrative structures of cities with names like "membris", "self-management", "commission". Created by the Sykes Picot Agreement in 1916, the border arrangements that do not take into account the heterogeneous, ethnic-cultural distortion of the Middle East indicate that a new Middle East where ethnic-cultural identities were replaced was built into their own cities and regions. This article examines the political and ideological actions of the parties in the Syrian Civil War and discusses the hypothesis "The re-distribution of the ethnic composition in Syria through immigration and the De Facto Federe Cities".
The migration mobility originating from Syria, which has been continuing since 2011, is the result of the Syrian Civil War, which is evaluated within the Arab Spring (political-social movements series) that started in 2010. Migration mobility is multi-layered in its emergence, development and effects. Historically, it has elements related to the past, present and future. Ethnic, religious and cultural structures remaining from all historical periods of the Middle East continue to exist, and the developments since the beginning of the 20th century have deepened the relations, cooperation and rivalries between these elements and formed the historical basis of what is happening today. The heterogeneous character of the political-cultural structure of the Middle East has also affected this civil war. The most important thing is that international competition for the seizure of natural resources, including oil, creates alliances and coalitions with tribes, sects, political parties, legal or illegal organizations and even governments in the region by non-regional states, international organizations and terrorist groups. Another layer is the problem of the destruction of cities, each of which is the remnant of ancient civilizations. The destruction is not limited to the fact that the warring parties are applied to seize the city and end when it is captured. The architectural and historical structures of the city are destroyed, the land registry and population records are destroyed, the inhabitants of the city are forced to migrate to change the demographic structure, and "people from other parts of the country are encouraged to settle in the city". In addition to the urban-oriented spatial changes, the administrative structures of the cities include "assembly", "self-defense". New governance models are being tried with names such as “governance”, “commission.” Border regulations created with the Sykes Picot Agreement in 1916, which do not take into account the heterogeneous and ethnic-cultural disintegration of the Middle East, are replaced by a new homogenized, ethnic-cultural identities concentrated in their own cities and regions. In this article, the hypothesis of “Redistribution of Ethnic Composition in Syria through Migration and De Facto Federated Urban Settlements” is discussed by examining the political and ideological actions of the parties in the Syrian Civil War.
Alan : Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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