Abstract:

Edward Jenner’s invention of vaccination in 1796 has been considered as one of the greatest accomplishments in the history of medicine and vaccination currently prevents 2 to 3 million deaths every year. Despite this, more than 1,5 million people worldwide die from vaccine-preventable diseases each year. In today’s increasingly mobile lifestyle, infectious diseases know no boundaries. The most recent example to this is the fact that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 which originated in Wuhan, China has become the reason of a global pandemic in a very short time. As well as these and similar infectious diseases that have emerged and have not yet been vaccinated, there are other infectious diseases that existing vaccine technologies cannot prevent despite their undeniable success and constitute a large share of mortality worldwide. Versatile vaccine development studies are being done against these diseases and fields of new delivery platforms, new adjuvants, new approaches in antigen presentation and new stable and efficient antigen production are being focused on. In this review, firstly, the developmental history of vaccine is mentioned briefly and new designs and technologies, distribution platforms and application methods in vaccine studies are explained.

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