Abstract:

The main aim of obesity management is to improve health. Weight loss of 5-10% or more provides improvement in obesity and obesityrelated comorbid diseases (Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, fatty liver disease, etc.) as well as an increase in quality of life. As with all chronic diseases, obesity management requires a multidisciplinary approach. Individual treatment should be targeted. Obesity treatment consists of lifestyle changes, medical treatment, and bariatric surgery. Until today, many drugs have worked with the aspect of appetite reduction and energy expenditure through the nervous system. However, many drugs have been withdrawn due to safety concerns. In recent years, drugs with gut-based incretin mechanisms of action have attracted considerable interest. The first approved glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1) analog liraglutide is promising. As a new treatment, the GLP-1 analog semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly is approved for the treatment of obesity. Another new treatment, tirzepatide, the first dual GLP-1/ glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GIP) analog, has achieved up to 20% weight loss in obese patients and has also shown positive cardiovascular outcomes. Although promising, there is no comparative study of new effective obesity drugs with bariatric surgery, which is currently known as the most effective method, with weight loss up to 25%. Today, as the pathophysiogenesis of obesity is better understood, newer, safer molecules will continue to emerge. In this review, current information about the current and future medical treatments for obesity will be discussed.

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