Abstract:

In this article we will evaluate the ampullae that have been found at the excavations of Laodikeia since 2002. Despite the widespread existence of massproduced, mould-made terra cotta ampullae in western Anatolia, it is possible to encounter various types of ampullae in the Mediterranean basin. Ampullae, filled with sacred water or oil, were purchased as souvenirs by the pilgrims who journeyed to the Holy Land. Such ampullae have a distinctive form with a thin rim, short cylindrical neck, flattened oviform like a flask, and two pierced handles on the shoulders.In our time, there is a similar tradition for Muslims. Muslim pilgrims obtain a kind of sacred essence; and when they return to their country, it is given to their guests as a gift. The ampullae found in Laodiceia have been evaluated in two groups according to their forms, dimensions and representations. The first group is larger than the other and named Type 1. It has representations related to Christianity on both sides. Ampullae in this group are dated from the end of the 4th century A.D. to the end of the 5th century A.D. by the support of coins found with them. Type 2 ampullae generally have symbolic ornaments such as a cross, palmette and rosette. This group has been dated between the beginning of the 6th century A.D. and the beginning of 7th century A.D. Taking into consideration other published examples, many places have been proposed as the production centers of these wares. But when the widespread finds in western Anatolia are taken into account, it is possible to say that the heavy production made in this region was intended to cover the needs of its sacred cities or regions. Besides, local production can be seen in the pilgrimage places visited by more people in proportion to the other cities, such as Abu-Mena.These local productions have few differences both in their form sand selection of subjects

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