Abstract:

The handle of Iranian sword šamšir shows a complicated construction that has not been investigated scientifically so far. The handle consists of handle scales (āj), rivets (mil-e etesāl), adhesive material (zāj-e sepid), crossguard (bolčāq or mohāfez-e daste), pommel cap (kolāhak) and tangbands (āhanak). On some handles, there are two separate steel plates that are attached to the tang via adhesive materials and rivets as well. To analyze the construction, digital scanners, AutoCAD software (Autodesk Inc.) and X-ray radiography will be used. The following article will show that such a construction is not a haphazard one, but in such a construction, the tang of the sword functions like a spring in a spring and dumper system, and the adhesive material also functions as a dumper and the design may significantly prevent propagation of reaction shock waves to the user’s hand. The goal of this study is to show how this system of shock absorption works. Further, for the first time, the components of the adhesive material are analyzed using energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and secondary electron microscopy (SEM). Another goal of this study is to find out how this material was made in the past. Based on a recipe from a Persian manuscript on precious stones, jewels and metals titled Javāher al-Sanāye' (Jewels of Crafts), this adhesive material is successfully reconstructed. This article shows the close similarity between components of the adhesive material found in Persian šamšir and the mixture of components as prescribed in the recipe of Javāher al-Sanāye'

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