Özet:

The advent of the Russia-Ukraine war on February 24, 2022, has highlighted the onset of a global food crisis. Turkey has contributed critical efforts to avert this crisis along with the efforts of several international institutions, including the United Nations. These efforts eventually yielded an outcome, a grain corridor agreement between Türkiye, Russia, Ukraine, and the United Nations on July 22, 2022, in Istanbul, authorizing ships to export grain from Ukrainian ports. The Montreux Convention regulates the Turkish Straits regime based on governing the passage of merchant ships and warships; however, the Convention regulates the passage of merchant ships based on four different perspectives: the state of peacetime, the state of wartime in which Türkiye is neutral, the state of wartime in which Türkiye is combatant, and the state in which Türkiye considers itself under the threat of an imminent war. This study aimed to assess the applicability of the signed grain corridor agreement depending on the situations confined by the Montreux Convention. On the other hand, in cases where Türkiye or several other states may become a party to the Russia-Ukraine war, the relevancy of the grain corridor agreement will also be analyzed under the Montreux Convention principles, considering that the war may reveal additional scenarios commencing from its start until the day it ends. Yet, the study will exclude the emphasis on the transit management for warships since the vessels carrying grain from Ukrainian ports are in the nature of merchant ships.

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