Abstract:

The Grand National Assembly, which had extraordinary powers in Ankara on April 23, 1920, was established via two elections. Together with the Teşkilat-ı Esasiye law adopted by the Grand National Assembly on January 20, 1921, and the provisions of the Kanun-i Esasi that did not contradict this constitution were adopted and a period of two constitutions was started. With the Constitution of 1921, the system of parliamentary government, a strict form of the rule of legislation, was established. Due to the effectiveness of the opposition that has existed since the establishment of the First Grand National Assembly and the protracted debates, Mustafa Kemal have established the Assembly of Anadolu and Rumeli Müdafaa-i Hukuk Group on May 10, 1921, and the MPs outside this group formed the Second Group and Independent members. Although the diverse structure of the members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly, was far from establishing a political union, the struggle between the legislature and the executive slowed down the work, but eventually paved the way for the establishment of a national and democratic system with radical reforms such as the abolition of the sultanate, the proclamation of the republic and the abolition of the caliphate. Under extraordinary circumstances, the Turkish Grand National Assembly, during the War of Independence, have changed the constitutional order. With the 1921 constitution, which is a transition constitution that is short in terms of application and content, the sovereignty of the nation was accepted, and a major change was made.

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