Abstract:

This study focuses on transhumance as shaped by pastoral farming, rural cultural, rural economic, and geographic conditions. The main issue of this study is transhumance culture, which is at risk of transforming due to global pressures and threats. In this context, the first aim of the study is to determine which subjects are involved in transhumance culture’s transformation in the world, the second is to reveal the factors that initiate this process, the third is to introduce efforts to protect transhumance, and the fourth and final is to give examples from around the world. The study has been prepared as a thematic and descriptive compilation and is supported with spatial examples in order to add a geographical dimension. Transhumance currently faces many threats, such as aging and urbanization in rural areas, failure in rural development, migration to and from mountains, climate change, and over tourism. In addition, green, circular, and digital technologies as well as economic and political decisions have an opportunistic value for transhumance. International and national institutions have made many decisions and supported transhumance in order to protect it. As a result, this study can be expected to contribute to this with some valuable implications for Turkey by looking at the transformation of transhumance and the measures taken from a global perspective. Common global problems such as climate change, migrations from mountains, the aging population, and abandonment of the shepherd profession indicate that transhumance in Turkey, which has been in great decline, should benefit from the world agenda.

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