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Günlük yaşam pratiklerimizden habercilik pratiklerine, geniş bir çerçevede etkili olmaya başlayan teknoloji, günden güne değişen ve gelişen yapısıyla medya kuruluşları üzerinde güçlü etkiler yaratmıştır. Günümüzde medya kuruluşları, teknolojik altyapılarını güncel tutma çabası içinde kendilerini sürekli gözden geçirme ve yenilenme ihtiyacı içindedir. Habercilik faaliyetlerinin üstün teknolojilerle iç içe geçtiği çağımızda klasik haber yapım sürecine ilişkin pratikler özellikle de televizyon haberciliğinde büyük oranda değişikliğe uğramıştır. Yapısı gereği izleyiciler üzerinde görselliğe dayalı doğal gerçeklik algısı yaratan televizyonda, habercilik anlayışında farklılık yaratan haber teknolojilerinden birini görsel efektler oluşturmaktadır. Günümüzde birçok televizyon kanalı, haberlerde görsel ve işitsel etkiye dayalı efekt uygulamalarına geniş yer vermekte hatta habercilikte üç boyutlu efektler ve sanal stüdyolar etkin bir biçimde kullanılmaktadır. Efektlerin kullanım biçimi ve boyutlarıyla yakından ilişkili olan bu durum, haber gerçekliğinde derin değişiklikler yaratabilmekte, gerçekliği değişen ve dezenformatif bir yapıya bürünen haber, etik/ahlaki sorunsala dönüşebilmektedir. Bu çalışma haberin yapım ve yayın sürecini içine alan aşamalarda efekt teknolojilerinin kullanımına bağlı olarak yeniden inşa edilen/kurulan haberin farklı bir gerçeklik düzlemine oturması çerçevesinde doğurduğu etik problemlere odaklanmaktadır. Televizyon haberciliğinde kullanılan görsel efektlerin yarattığı etik sorunların ortaya konulması amaçlanan çalışmanın kavramsal çerçevesini televizyon haberciliği, etik ve görsel efektler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında ele alınan örnekler üzerinden televizyon haberlerinde görsel efektlerin kullanım biçimi ve yarattığı etik sorunlar içerik analizi yöntemi ile ortaya konulmaktadır. İncelenen haber bültenlerinde görsel efekt kullanımının yarattığı etik sorunlar haber-gerçeklik ilişkisi, haber-eğlence olgusu, habercinin kamuya karşı sorumluluğu ve şiddetin yeniden üretilmesi bağlamında ortaya çıkmaktadır.
From our daily life practices to the communication practices, the technology, which has begun to become effective in a broad scope, has created strong influences on media organizations with its ever-changing and developing structure. Today, media organizations are in need of continuous review and renewal in their efforts to keep their technological infrastructure up to date. In our age when the communications activities are integrated with advanced technologies, the practices of the classical news production process, especially in television communications, have changed considerably. In the television that creates a visual-based perception of natural reality on the viewers due to its structure, visual effects create one of the news technologies that differentiate the perception of communication. Today, many TV channels provide broad space for visual and hearing effects in news and even three-dimensional effects and virtual studios are effectively used in news. This situation, which is closely related to the way and dimensions of the effects are used, can create profound changes in news reality, and the news that changes reality and becomes a dezinformative structure can become an ethical/ethical problem. This study focuses on the ethical problems that the news creates in the stages of the production and publication process depending on the use of the effects technologies in the framework of the rebuilt/founded news sitting on a different level of reality. The conceptual framework of the study intended to identify the ethical problems created by the visual effects used in television communication is the television communication, ethical and visual effects. Through the examples discussed in the context of the study, the way of use of visual effects in television news and the ethical problems created by the method of content analysis are revealed. The ethical problems created by the use of visual effects in the reviewed newspapers arise in the context of the news-reality relationship, the news-playing phenomenon, the reporter’s responsibility to the public and the re-production of violence.
The technology, which has started to be effective in a wide frame from our daily life practices to journalism practices, has created strong effects on media organizations with its changing and developing structure. Today, media organizations are in constant need of revising and renewing themselves to keep their technological infrastructure up to date. In our era, when journalism activities are intertwined with cutting-edge technologies, the practices related to the classical news production process have been greatly altered, especially in television journalism. One of the news technologies that creates a difference in the understanding of journalism is the visual effects on television, which by nature creates a natural reality perception based on visuality on the viewers. Today, many television channels widely use effects based on visual and audio effects applications in the news, moreover, three-dimensional effects and virtual studios are used effectively in journalism. This situation, which is closely related to the usage and dimensions of the effects, can create profound changes in news reality, and the news, which has changed into a disinformative structure, can convert to ethical/moral problems. This study focuses on the ethical problems caused by the news being reconstructed/established in a different plane of reality due to the use of effect technologies in the stages of the production and publication process of the news. Television journalism, ethical and visual effects constitute the conceptual framework of the study, which aims to reveal the ethical problems created by visual effects used in television journalism. Through the examples covered in the study, the use of visual effects in television news and the ethical problems posed by them are revealed by the content analysis method. The ethical problems that the use of visual effects create in reviewed news bulletins emerge in the context of relation between news and reality, phenomenon of news and fun, the responsibility of newsman to public and reproduction of violence.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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