Özet:

Important viruses mainly caused “pepper yellowing disease” in field-grown and greenhouse-grown peppers, their hosts and vectors were investigated in Hatay province of Turkey. Young shoot, leaf and fruit samples taken from suspected pepper plants and weeds were investigated by DAS-ELISA and biological indexing. Virus infections caused chlorosis or yellowing symptoms were mostly observed in pepper growing areas of Iskenderun and Samandağ districts in Hatay. PVY infection was determined as the most common in pepper growing areas in Hatay (13.8%).  PVY (Potato virus Y) was followed by the CMV (Cucumber mosaic virus) (5.5%), respectively. Mixed infections caused by double, triple and multiple viruses including CMV, BWYC (Beet western yellows virus), PLRV (Potato leaf roll virus), PVX (Potato X virus), PVY, ToMV (Tomato mosaic virus) and TSWV (Tomato spotted wilt virus) were identified in pepper plants with low rates. Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium quinoa, Convolvulus arvensis, Malva sylvestris, Physalis angulata, Mercurialis annua, Solanum nigrum, Sonchus oleraceus and Xhanthium strumarium were commonly found in pepper fields. A few pepper plants were found to be infested by dodder (Cuscuta campestris) and Orobanche ramosa. Portulaca oleracea, Urtica dioica and Plantago major were observed in pepper grown under greenhouse conditions. Orobanche ramosa was also determined in two pepper greenhouses. Amaranthus retroflexus (28.5%), M. sylvestris (40.0%), S. nigrum (30.0%) and S. oleraceus (33.3%) were found to be infected with AMV; A. retroflexus (40.0%), M. sylvestris (57.1%), P. angulata (16.,6%) and S. nigrum (50%) samples were found to be infected with CMV, M. sylvestris (20.0%), M. annua (41.6%) and P. angulata (83.3%) samples were found in PVY; TSWV was detected in P. major (25.0%)  samples. Other viruses such as Beet curly top virus (BCTV) or begomoviruses and   phytoplasmas which were not tested in this study were thought to be also causal agents of “pepper yellowing disease” in pepper growing areas in Hatay-Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler: