Abstract:

The paper analyzes the concepts, causes, and normative solutions of social and political exclusions in Bosnia and Herzegovina within post-Yugoslavia's ethnonationalism paradigm and the Dayton Constitution. War, post-war neoliberalism produced economic destitution and social exclusions. Along with the clerical, ethnonationalism showed diligence as the primary determinant of patriotism, advocating the ideology of exclusion. The radicalization of certain groups became acceptable, as they would stand for homogenous countries. Lack of efficient form with a professional and robust government capable of making autonomous reforms in the economy and social spheres influences phenomena. B&H's imposed ethnopolitical concept of "constituent peoples" rigidly removes the civic order, the citizen ideal, rights, and freedoms, decreasing political collectivism. The Dayton patterned ethnic-religious exclusivism and the unconstitutional "hybrid" identities. By ethnoreligious criteria, three groups of citizens are given the right to make decisions, generating political representation issues for the "Others." Although they do not represent a homogeneous group, they have the right to recognize their human rights. With a revised notion (national minorities, non-nationals, Bosnians), "Others" would be given the right to be represented in all state institutions, thus eliminating discrimination. Participation in the state's formation would reduce their unconstitutionality - decision-making process. The true expression of national freedom lies in the richness of human nature instead of the violent rigidity of ethnonationalism reserve. Overcoming sociopolitical exclusions and the economic necessity by systemic institutional transformation and EU political integration is demanding. "Two schools under one roof" model negates emancipation's educational process proclaiming systemic exclusion and ethnoreligious discrimination, amplifying security stalemate. Social status and stigma of trafficking-exploitation victims in sociolegal frameworks have substantial victimization dynamics consequences. More critical insight should be recognized as feminist theoretically significant to studying the phenomenon.

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