Özet:

It is known that psychoactive plants containing hallucinogenic compounds that cause changes in perception and condition have been used in rituals by indigenous peoples for thousands of years. In this context, ayahuasca, a psychoactive beverage, has an important place in the religious, medical, social, and artistic lives of many indigenous tribes living in the Amazon forests since ancient times. Shamans, who regard ayahuasca as a means of opening people's perception of the spiritual world, used it for a wide variety of purposes such as magic, divination, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, hunting, etc. Ayahuasca is an extract obtained by mixing and boiling two plants native to the Amazon Forest, Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis. The active chemical components of these herbs include harmine, harmaline, tetrahydroharmine and dimethyltryptamine (DMT). When either plant is ingested alone, it shows no noticeable effect. However, when the two plants are brewed together for many hours, they induce an extraordinary visionary mood. The main function of ayahuasca is to establish contact with other realms through these visions. Because of the hallucinogenic visions that make this contact possible, the drink is used among Amazonian groups in mass ceremonies as a means of spiritual guidance, protection from spirits, gaining knowledge, and also curing diseases. Indigenous people state that they comprehend the truths about themselves and the universe by accessing important information through visions formed under the influence of this plant. In addition, it is seen that the ayahuasca ritual also acts as a social network that transfers the spiritual and cultural accumulation of the tribe from generation to generation. With all these elements, ayahuasca ceremonies have been the most important spiritual ritual in this region for centuries. But Ayahuasca is a very powerful brew that ought to be taken with respect and under the right conditions for indigenous people, otherwise its haphazard use can turn into a dangerous and often confusing experience, rather than an enlightening one. Although its first use probably appeared among the inhabitants of the rainforests, ayahuasca is recorded today in most major urban centers in South America, particularly in Brazil, as well as in the United States, the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, and even Japan. Many works have been written in the West about ayahuasca, which has moved far beyond its geographical and cultural borders today, and the subject continues to be investigated from various aspects. In our country, there is no independent research on this plant, which is considered sacred by the Amazon natives, in the field of History of Religions. With this study, we aim to contribute to the research to be carried out in our field by addressing issues such as its characteristics, how the ayahuasca ritual is performed, the visions that occur during the ritual, and the meaning and importance of the ritual for the indigenous people in the Amazon basin.

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