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Tarımsal üretimin üzerindeki baskılar gün geçtikçe artmaktadır çünkü tarım alanları sınıra dayanmış ve birim alandan daha çok üretim talep edilmektedir. Bunlara ek olarak iklim değişikliklerinin neden olduğu kurak dönem sayısındaki artış nedeniyle yarı kurak bölgelerde sulama ihtiyacını arttıracağı birçok çalışmayla ortaya konulmuş durumdadır. Ancak sulama kısa vadede üretimi arttırsa da uzun vadede başta tuzlanma olmak üzere toprak yapısını bozma, bitki besin elementlerinin yıkanmasının aralarında olduğu birçok olumsuz sonucu beraberinde getirmektedir. Toprakların sürdürülebilir kullanımı için uygulanan tarımsal yöntemlerin toprak kalitesini ne düzeyde etkilediği yapılacak detay çalışmalarla ortaya konulması toprak kalitesinin korunması hatta arttırılması için ön koşuldur. Adıyaman ilinin içinde yer aldığı Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi kapsamında Atatürk Barajı göl havzasından yapılan sulama faaliyetleri 25 yıllık bir sürece dayanmaktadır. Sulu tarımın 25 yıllık süreçteki etkisi değerlendirmek için Adıyaman ili Kahta ilçesinin kuzeydoğusunda yer alan çalışma alanında 4 farklı noktadan 0-30 cm derinlikten toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Örneklerde bazı fiziksel, kimyasal, mineralojik ve mikromorfolojik parametreleri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma alanındaki toprakların smektitin baskın kil minerali olduğu kil tekstürlü, kireçli, nötr ve hafif alkali pH’ya sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Mikroyapısal açıdan topraklarda sulama sonrası herhangi bir kireç birikimi veya yıkanma olgusu (kaplama/kütan) saptanmamıştır. Buna karşın kuru tarımdan sulu tarıma geçişle birlikte organik madde, organik karbon, azot ve C/N düzeyleri azalma eğilimi gösterirken, elektriksel iletkenlik düzeyi kabul edilebilir sınırlar içinde olsa da artma eğilimi göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, inceleme alanındaki elektriksel iletkenlik düzeyindeki artış eğilimi ve organik maddede ki azalma sulamanın tarımsal üretkenliği tehdit edebileceğini göstermektedir. Bunun önlenmesi için etkin sulama ve besleme programlarının saptanıp olası en hızlı süreçte hayata geçirilmesini gerektirmektedir.
The pressure on agricultural production is increasing day by day because the agricultural areas are bordered and more production is demanded from the unit area. In addition to this, many studies have shown that the increase in the number of dry periods caused by climate change will increase the need for irrigation in semi-dry areas. However, if the irrigation increases production in the short term, but in the long term, the disruption of the soil structure, including the first salting, brings many negative consequences, among which the washing of plant nutrients is among them. The detailed study of the extent to which agricultural methods applied for sustainable land use affect the quality of the soil is a prerequisite for the conservation and even improvement of the quality of the soil. In the framework of the Southeast Anadolu Project, which is located within the province of Namyaman, the watering activities from the Atatürk Barjı lake pool are based on a period of 25 years. To evaluate the impact of water agriculture in the 25 year process, samples of land were taken from a depth of 0-30 cm from 4 different points in the work area located in the northeastern part of the two districts. Some physical, chemical, mineral and micromorphological parameters have been studied in the examples. The soil in the field of study has been determined to have a thin texture, thin, neutral and light alkaline pH, which is the dominant mineral of smectitis. There is no micropathic accumulation or washing phenomenon (cover/cutan) in the soil after watering. Nevertheless, with the transition from dry farming to water farming, the levels of organic substances, organic carbon, nitrogen and C/N tend to decline, while the level of electrical conductivity tend to increase, although within acceptable limits. As a result, the trend to increase the level of electrical conductivity in the field of study and the decrease in organic substance suggests that irrigation may threaten agricultural productivity. To prevent this, it requires the establishment and implementation of effective hydration and feeding programs in the fastest possible process.
The pressures on agricultural production are increasing day by day. The agricultural lands have reached their limit and more production is demanded from per unit area. In addition to these, many studies have shown that the need for irrigation in semi-arid regions will increase due to the increase in the number of dry periods lead by climate change. However, although irrigation increases production in the short term, it brings many negative consequences, among which the destruction of soil structure, especially salinization, and leaching of plant nutrients in the long term. It is a prior condition to reveal the effect of agricultural management applied for the sustainable use of soils on soil quality through detailed studies to protect and even increase the soil quality. The irrigation activities carried out in the Atatürk Dam lake basin within the scope of the Southeastern Anatolia Project, which includes the province of Adıyaman, date back to 25 years. Soil samples were taken from 0-30 cm depth from 4 different points in the study area located in the northeast of Kahta district of Adıyaman province in order to evaluate the effect of irrigated agriculture in the 25 years. Some physical, chemical, mineralogical, and micromorphological parameters were determined in the samples. It has been determined that the soils in the study area have clay-textured, calcareous, neutral and slightly alkaline pH, where smectite is the dominant clay mineral. In terms of microstructure, no carbonate accumulation or illuviation phenomenon (coating/cutans) was detected in the soil following irrigation. On the other hand, with the transition from rainfed farming to irrigated agriculture, organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen and C/N levels revealed a decrease, even though it was within acceptable limits, the electrical conductivity level tended to increase. As a result, the increasing trend in electrical conductivity in the study area and the decrease in organic matter indicate that irrigation can threaten agricultural productivity. To prevent this, effective irrigation and nutrition programs must be determined and implemented in the fastest possible time.
Field : Fen Bilimleri ve Matematik; Mühendislik
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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