Abstract:

At the beginning of the 20th century, one of the two primary problems that the Turkish peasant must solve, which formed the main spine of the Turkish society, was education and the other health. Resolution of the problems of the peasant, in fact. It began with the discourse of the law. When these suggestions are examined, it appears that the farmer’s education is considered a priority problem and focuses on sending a teacher to the village as a solution. The problem of awareness about the health of the village and the countryside and protection from infectious diseases was also accepted by educators sent to the village to solve. This was undoubtedly a result of the lack of medical staff and health institutions, including the doctors, and that the educator could reach the village and the peasant more easily than the health staff. A new period began with the opening of the Great National Assembly (BMM) based on the nation's sovereignty and the country was under occupation. However, it was important to raise health issues to the ministry level as health and social assistance in the first government established by BMM. Because in the Ottoman state, health problems were managed within the Ministry of the Interior and only a few countries in the world had brought health problems to the ministry level. Even in the difficult conditions of the national struggle, Atatürk, who is interested in the social state understanding of the health problems of the people and the peasants, saw it necessary to train, produce vaccines, and establish health and social assistance institutions to benefit from teachers and educators in order to be able to solve the health problems of the peasants faster without waiting for the announcement of the Republic. The Republic announced the principle of creating a healthy nation for healthy individuals by accelerating the work on health. Ataturk's parliament opening speech doesn't just determine health policies, it seems that he has announced the next year's goal as he has done the annual follow-up of the scheduled programs. The arrival of health staff and institutions to the villages was dependent on time and capital. However, because the infectious diseases continue to increase, the village and the countryside had to be able to reach a moment in advance with the teachers of the village and the teachers of the town and the Turkish Council and the People's Council. One of the most impressive examples of the Republic’s efforts to reach the village and the peasant in terms of health, the National Education Minister Dr. Reşit Galip, also known as the peasant-friendly physician, made its second print in the Ministry of Health to the Village Muallimler, which made 10,000 copies. In this study, with the newly established Republic’s health policy towards the peasant, the peasant friend Dr. Reşit Galip and the countryside teachers and teachers will be discussed with the efforts of the National Doctors and People's Countryside to build health awareness towards the countryside and the countryside.