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  Citation Number 7
 Views 83
 Downloands 17
Hukuk Düzeninin Birliği Ilkesi Çerçevesinde Zorunluluk Hâlinin Hukukî Niteliği
2019
Journal:  
İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası
Author:  
Abstract:

Zorunluluk hâline ilişkin olarak Türk öğretisinde bugüne kadar yapılmış çalışmalarda konunun medeni hukuk ve ceza hukuku bakımından çoğunlukla ayrı ayrı ele alındığı görülmektedir. Hâlbuki konunun medeni hukuk ve ceza hukuku arasındaki etkileşim dikkate alınarak, hukuk düzeninin birliği ilkesi ışığında incelenmesi bir gerekliliktir. Özellikle Türk Ceza Kanunu ve Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu’nun 01.06.2005’te yürürlüğe girmesinden sonra zorunluluk hâlinin hukuki niteliği ceza hukuku öğretisinde yoğun bir şekilde tartışılmış, fakat bu tartışmalarda, zorunluluk hâlinin medeni hukuk bakımından bir hukuka uygunluk sebebi teşkil ettiği ve bunun doğurduğu sonuçlar yeterince dikkate alınmamıştır. Bu çalışmada zorunluluk hâli hem medeni hukuk hem de ceza hukuku açısından bu bakış açısıyla ele alınmakta ve hukukun bu iki disiplini arasındaki etkileşime dikkat çekilmektedir. Çalışmada öncelikle hukuk düzeninin birliği ilkesi hakkında genel açıklamalara yer verilmekte, ardından sırasıyla medeni hukuk ve ceza hukuku açısından zorunluluk hâli incelenmektedir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda CMK m 223/3-c’deki açık hüküm karşısında ceza hukukunda zorunluluk hâlinin bir hukuka uygunluk sebebi olmadığı, dolayısıyla TCK m 25/2 anlamında zorunluluk hâlleri bakımından beraat değil, ceza verilmesine yer olmadığı kararı verilmesi gerektiği; bununla birlikte medeni hukuk bakımından zorunluluk hâli teşkil eden fiillerin hukukun birliği ilkesi gereği ceza hukuku anlamında da hukuka uygun sayılarak, bu hâllerde beraat kararı verilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmaktadır.

Keywords:

The legal obligation in the first framework of the Union of Law
2019
Author:  
Abstract:

As regards the condition of compulsion, the work done in the Turkish teaching so far has seen that the subject is mostly discussed separately in terms of civil law and criminal law. However, having regard to the interaction between civil law and criminal law, it is necessary to consider the principle of unity of the legal system. In particular, after the entry into force of the Turkish Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Act on 01.06.2005, the legal nature of the obligation status was widely discussed in the teaching of criminal law, but in these discussions, the obligation status was a reason for legal conformity in terms of civil law and the consequences that it generated were not sufficiently taken into account. In this study, the obligation status is addressed from this point of view in terms of both civil and criminal law and the interaction between these two disciplines of law is highlighted. The study first includes general statements on the principle of unity of the legal system, and then, respectively, examines the obligation in terms of civil law and criminal law. According to the judgment made in CMK m 223/3-c, the obligation in criminal law is not a reason for compliance with the law, therefore the judgment should be made in terms of the obligation conditions, not a judgment, but a place for punishment; however, the facts that constitute obligation in terms of civil law, according to the principle of unity of the law, also according to the law in terms of criminal law, in these cases the judgment should be made in accordance with the law.

Keywords:

The Legal Nature Of State Of Necessity In Light Of The Principle Of Unity Of The Legal Order
2019
Author:  
Abstract:

The current Turkish legal doctrine on the state of necessity mostly handles the concept separately in terms of civil and criminal law. However, the principle of unity of the legal order requires a holistic approach. Especially after the entry into force of the Turkish Penal Code (TPC) and the Code of Penal Procedure (CPP) on 01.06.2005, the legal nature of the state of necessity has been extensively discussed in criminal law doctrine. But these discussions rarely, if ever, take the fact that the state of necessity constitutes a ground of justification under civil law into account. This study takes a holistic approach in examining the legal nature of the state of necessity and emphasizes the interaction between civil law and criminal law within the context of grounds for justification. It starts with general remarks on the principle of unity of the legal order and proceeds with a description of the state of necessity with a particular focus on its legal nature from civil law and criminal law perspectives respectively. The study concludes that in light of the clear provision in Art. 223 (3) (c) CPP, the state of necessity does not constitute a justification in criminal law, and therefore, where Art. 25 (2) TPC applies, the judgment to be rendered is not an acquittal, but a decision that infliction of punishment is not required. Nonetheless in cases where the act qualifies as one performed in a state of necessity from a civil law perspective, the act shall also be deemed lawful in terms of criminal law and the court shall decide for acquittal.

Keywords:

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İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası

Field :   Hukuk

Journal Type :   Ulusal

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İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası