Özet:

Determinism, which is rooted in the metaphysical belief that objective scientific knowledge exists independently of humankind’s perception, is comparable to a well-defined mechanism and can be described as “mathematization” as exemplified in the natural laws of dynamics established by Newton, Einstein, and Schrödinger. Conversely, if we break away from determinism, we need anthropomorphic concepts such as “possibility” and “contingency.” This study aims to investigate the shift from the modern deterministic thought to the contingently perceived probabilistic theory of statistical mechanics, changes in scientific theories from a naturalistic point of view, and the convergence achieved through this process. Since the Darwin announced his theory of evolution, natural sciences have steadily undergone shift from endeavoring to name, classify, and measure to emphasizing the transience of things, historical interest, and theorization. The assertion that material forms were created historically rather than given and that their differences were not created according to supernatural images, but appeared naturally, starting from small mutations, was put forward to inculcate the fact that there cannot exist an accumulation of perfect knowledge of the world that had been considered possible thus far.Once the arrow of time is set, we can understand both unity and diversity, the two key features of nature. Unity arises from the common application of the arrow of time across the universe, and highly organized diversity emerges due to irreversible process of passing from one equilibrium state to another

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