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Bu çalışmada Rus kadın edebiyatının önemli feminist yazarlarından olan Alexandra Kollontay’ın “İşçi Arıların Aşkı “ adlı romanı feminist edebiyat kuramına göre incelenecektir. Politikacı, diplomat, devrimci, propagandacı, feminist, özgür aşk savunucusu , muhalif ve alımlı bir kadın yazar olan Kollontay’ın Rusya’da Bolşevik Devrimi öncesi ve sonrasındaki işçi kadınlarının durumunu anlatan İşçi Arıların Aşkı adlı romanı ile Rus edebiyatında kadın sorunu sistem üzerinden anlatılmıştır. Romanda geleneksel ataerkil yapının kadını ötekileştiren, ikincil konuma iten yaklaşımları ile bunların bilinçaltındaki nedenleri ve 1917 Ekim Devrimi’nin kadınlara getirdiği kazanımlar ve kayıplar feminist eleştiri perspektifinden değerlendirilmiştir. Feminist edebiyat eleştirisi, kültür ve edebiyattaki yerleşik, özellikle ataerkil bakış açısını yansıtan değerleri, kalıpları sorgular ve işin öteki yüzüne dikkat çeker. 1960'lı yıllarda tüm dünyada yükselen devrimci ve sistem karşıtı toplumsal hareketlerle beraber 'Feminist Edebiyat Kuramı' da yeniden gündeme gelerek bir ivme kazanmıştır. Başlangıçta, ataerkil düzenin kadını ötekileştiren tutumunun; edebiyat alanında edebi eserler aracılığıyla yeniden üretilmesi ve onaylanmasının karşısında bir duruş hedefleyen eleştiri kuramı; zamanla amaçlarını çoğaltıp, çeşitlendirerek, 'edebiyat dünyası sınırları' içinde başka sorunları da vurgulamaya başlamıştır. Kadınların 'kendilerine ait bir dil' ve 'edebiyat geleneği' oluşturmaları hedefi doğrultusunda ilerleyen kuram; kadınların var olan 'iktidar ilişkileri' ve 'kimlikler' alanında edilgenleştiririlmelerine karşı da bu kadınlara özgü yeni dil ve tavrın önemi üzerinde durmuştur. Rus kadın edebiyatının önemli feminist yazarlarından biri olan Alexandra Kollontay, bir kadın yazar olarak kendine özgü dilini ve edebi duruşunu oluşturmuştur. Kollontay'ın 'İşçi Arıların Aşkı' romanı; Bolşevik devriminden önce ve sonra Rus insanının yaşamının olağanüstü canlı görüntüsünü vermektedir. Romanında özel ve mahrem ilişkileri cesurca betimleyen yazar; romandaki karakterler aracılığıyla da kadın erkek ilişkilerini, kadının tutku ve korkularını, yine cesur bir dille; okurun sorgulaması ve tartışmasını sağlayacak şekilde ele alır. Kollontay Bolşevik Devrimi'nin hemen ardından kaleme aldığı bu eserinde; kadınlık, aşk, sadakat ve evlilik gibi konuları tartışmaya açarken; aynı zamanda devrimden hemen sonra başlayan değişim sürecini de yansıtmıştır. Eserdeki ana karakter olan genç işçi kadın üzerinden; erkek egemen bakışın kadına biçtiği rolü, duruşu ve algıyı eleştiren yazar; eserin sonunda özgürleşen ana karakteri aracılığıyla, 'Feminist Edebiyat Kuramı'nın' hedeflediği 'sosyal ve psikolojik olarak özgürleşmiş kadının' her türlü erkek egemen karanlığın karşısında en büyük güç olacağı gerçeğini vurgular.
In this study, Alexandra Kollontay, a major feminist writer of Russian women's literature, will study the novel "The Love of Working Bees" based on the feminist literature theory. Politicist, diplomat, revolutionary, propagandist, feminist, free-love advocate, oppositionist and oppressive female writer, Kollontay’s novel “Love of the Workers of the Bees in Russia before and after the Bolshevik Revolution” and the problem of women in Russian literature are described through the system. The novel evaluates the approaches of the traditional patriarchal structure to the female, to the secondary position, and their underconscious causes, and the achievements and losses of the October Revolution of 1917 brought to women from a feminist criticism perspective. Feminist literature criticism questiones the values, patterns, which are inserted in culture and literature, especially the atherical perspective, and draws attention to the other side of the work. In the 1960s, along with the emerging revolutionary and anti-system social movements around the world, the "Feminist Literary Theory" has gained a momentum by re-establishing. Initially, the theory of criticism aimed at a position against the attitude of the paternal order that self-produced the woman; re-production and approval in the literary field through literary works; over time, multiplying and diversifying its objectives, began to emphasize other problems within the 'limits of the world of literature'. The theory that advances in the direction of the goal of women to create ‘a language of their own’ and ‘tradition of literature’ has also focused on the importance of a new language and attitude that is unique to these women against the importance of women’s ‘power relationships’ and ‘identities’ in the field. Alexandra Kollontay, one of the leading feminist writers of Russian women's literature, has created her own language and literary position as a female writer. Kollontay's novel "The Love of the Working Bees" gives an extraordinary live picture of the life of the Russian man before and after the Bolshevik Revolution. In his novel, the author boldly depicts the private and private relationships; through the characters in the novel, he also deals with the female and male relationships, the passion and fears of the woman, again in a brave language; in such a way that the reader can be questioned and discussed. In this work, Kollontay, which took the paper immediately after the Bolshevik Revolution, discussed issues such as femininity, love, loyalty and marriage, and also reflected the process of change that began immediately after the revolution. The writer, who criticizes the role, attitude and perception of the male dominant view to the woman, through the main character liberated at the end of the work, emphasizes the fact that the ‘social and psychically liberated woman’ targeted by the ‘Feminist Literature Theory’ will be the greatest power against all kinds of male dominant darkness.
In this study, one of the important writers in the Russian woman literature, Aleksandra Kollontay’s feminist novel called “Love of the Worker Bees” will be reviewed. Problem of the workwomen in Russian literature has been narrated over the system before and after the Bolshevik Revolution in the novel of “Love of the Worker Bees” of Aleksandra Kollontay, who is a politician, diplomat, revolutionist, propagandist, feminist, free love defender, dissident and attractive. Approaches of traditional patriarchal structure marginalizing, pushing the women into second position and their subconscious cause, gains and losses the 1917 Revolution brought to women have been evaluated from the perspective of feminist criticism. Criticism of the feminist literature questions built-in perspective, especially values, patterns reflecting patriarchal standpoint in culture and literature and draws attention to the other side of the issue. “Feminist Literature Theory” reawakened also together with revolutionary and anti-system social movements rising in the whole World in 1960s and gained momentum. Theory of criticism intending to show a stance against reproducing and confirming the attitude of patriarchal order which marginalised the woman at the beginning through literary works in the field of literature, began to emphasise also other questions within ‘the boundaries of the literary world’ multiplying and diversifying its aims through time. The theory which moved forward in the direction of the aim for women to establish ‘a language’ and ‘a literary tradition’ of their own, has emphasised also establishing a new language and attitude peculiar to women against passivizing them in the field of available ‘power relations’ and ‘identities’. Alexandra Korontay, one of the important feminist authors of the Russian Woman Literature, has established a unique language and literary attitude of her own. Kolontay’s novel ‘Love of the Worker Bees’ gives an extraordinary living pattern of the Russian people before and after Bolshevik revolution. The author, who bravely delineates private and intimate relations, handles also man-woman relations, woman’s passion and fear through characters in the novel, yet with a brave language in a way to provide the reader to inquire and discuss. Kolontay, in her novel she wrote just after the Bolshevik revolution, opens issues of femininity, love, loyalty, while reflecting also the change process starting right after the revolution at the same time. The author who criticises the role, stance and perception the male-dominance view casts on woman over the main young woman character in the work; emphasises that social and psychologically liberated woman the ‘Feminist literature theory’ intends will be the biggest power against male- dominant darkness of any.
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