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İslam, ilk girişinden itibaren bugüne kadar kesintisiz bir şekilde Çin’deki varlığını varlığını devam ettirmiştir. Bilindiği üzere, Çin çok eski ve kendisine has bir kültürel sisteme sahiptir. Bu sistemin özelliklerinden biri de, dışarıdan gelen kültürleri kendi içinde eritme yeteneğidir. Bunlara rağmen İslam, Çin kültürüyle çevrili ortamda yine de ayakta kalabilmiştir. Bunun nedenlerinden birisi, İslam’ın Çinlileşmesidir (yerelleşmesidir). Bu süreç sayesinde İslam asimile olmaksızın Çin kültürüyle bütünleşebilmiş ve onun siyasi, ekonomik ve toplumsal arkaplanına kendisini uydurabilmiştir. Öte yandan, Çin İslamı’nın İslam dünyasının geri kalanıyla irtibatını sürdürmesi anlamındaki küreselleşmesi de yerelleşmeyle aynı öneme sahiptir. Çin İmparatorluğunun son dönemlerinde meydana gelen İslami ihya ve ıslah hareketleri ile Çinli Müslümanların dini bilincinin yeniden uyanışı, İslam’ın küreselleşmesi bağlamında düşünülmesi gereken bir durumdur. Çünkü Çinli Müslümanlar İslam dünyasıyla iletişim kurarak kendi inançlarını sorgulamaya ve duruma uygun bir şekilde yorumlamaya/anlamaya başlamışlardır. Dolayısıyla, Çin İslamı önemli derecede yerelleştiği halde, daima İslami esaslara sımsıkı tutunmuştur. Bu anlamda küreselleşmenin Çin İslamı’nın İslami prensiplerini muhafaza etmesine katkıda bulunduğu söylenebilir. Bu makalede, İslam’ın Konfüçyüsçülük’le bütünleşmesi ve bu bütünleşme sürecinin asimilasyona dönmesi önleyen ihya ve ıslah hareketlerinin ortaya çıkışı Çin İslam tarihinde yaşanan önemli olaylar ışığında yerelleşme ve küreselleşmenin, İslam’ın Çin’deki gelişimi üzerindeki etkileri tartışılacaktır.
Islam has continued its existence in China without interruption since its first entry until now. As it is known, China has a very ancient and its own cultural system. One of the characteristics of this system is the ability to eradicate cultures from the outside in itself. Despite this, Islam has still been able to stand up in the environment surrounded by Chinese culture. One of the reasons for this is the Chineseization of Islam (localization). Through this process, Islam was able to integrate with Chinese culture without assimilation and to fit itself into its political, economic and social background. On the other hand, the globalization of the Chinese Islam in the sense of continuing its connection with the rest of the Islamic world has the same importance as the localization. The Islamic righteousness and righteousness movements that occurred in the last periods of the Chinese Empire and the rebuilding of the religious consciousness of Chinese Muslims are a situation that should be considered in the context of the globalization of Islam. Because Chinese Muslims began to interact with the Islamic world, questioning their beliefs and interpreting the situation accordingly. Thus, while China’s Islam has been substantially localized, it has always been tightly held to the Islamic principles. In this sense, it can be said that globalization has contributed to the preservation of the Islamic principles of Chinese Islam. In this article, we will discuss the effects of localization and globalization on the development of Islam in China, in light of the important events in the Chinese Islamic history, which prevent the integration of Islam with the Confucius and the appearance of good and good movements that prevent this process of integration from returning to assimilation.
Islam has been existıng for thousands of years since arriving in China until today. As it is known, there is a very old and unique culture system in China. In addition to these different cultural structures, Chinese culture is characterized by absorbing foreign cultures within itself. Despite all of this, Islam still survived in an environment surrounding by Chinese culture. One of the reasons for this is the sinicization (localization) of Islam. Thanks to this process, Islam could integrate but without being assimilated into Chinese culture, and adjust herself to China’s political, economic and social backgrounds. On the other hand, globalization, which maintains connection between Chinese Islam and Islamic world, is as important as localization throughout the history of Chinese Islam. Islamic revival and reform movements occurred in the late China Empire and the awakening of Chinese Muslims’ religious awarness, should be considered in the context of the globalization of Islam. It is because of the establishment of contact between Chinese Muslims and Islamic World that they started to reexamine their own faith. Therefore, Chinese Islam always clings to Islamic tenets in spite of being localized substantially. In this sense, it is possible to say that globalization help Chinese Islam maintain her İslamic principles. In this paper, the influence of localization and globalization on the development of Chinese Islam will be examined in the light of important events in history of Chinese Islam, such as the integration of Islamic and Confucian thoughts and the occurrence of Chinese Islamic revival and reform movements, which prevented integration process from transforming into assimilation.
Alan : İlahiyat
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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