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1346’dan başlayan karanlık çağ olarak adlandırılan veba milyonlarca insanın ölümüne sebep olmuştur ve toplumu psikolojik olarak derinden etkileyerek toplumun en büyük korkusu haline bürünmüştür. Tam olarak belirlenemeyen ölümler neticesinde dünya ekonomik ve sosyolojik yapısı tümden değişmiştir. Hatta bu olaylar düzeldikten sonra bile insanlar üzerinde etkisi uzun bir süre devam etmiştir. Kara ölüm Avrupa nüfusunun %40 ‘ nın ölümüne sebep olarak insanlığın en büyük tehdit unsuru olmuştur. Veba salgını bulaştıkları ülkelerin ticaret yapısını bozmuştur. Bu dönemde yaşanan vebanın sosyoekonomik etkilerinin yıkıcı olmasının temel nedeni hangi mikrop veya virüs kaynaklı olmasına bakılmaksızın ölümlerin ani ve hızlı olması ile yayılmasındaki korkutucu gerçekte yatmaktadır.14.yy veba salgını ile birlikte ticari hayat kentlerden kırsala doğru geçmiş, soylular işçi sınıfına daha fazla önem vermeye başlamış, ölümler neticesinde servet sahipliği ya da miras kayıtları da yok olduğu için Avrupa’da servet sahipliği edinenlerin elinden çıkıp başkalarının eline geçmeye başlamıştır. Sosyal sınıflandırma neredeyse yok olma noktasına gelmiş, soylular kendi rahatlarından vazgeçmemek için tarihinde hiç görülmeyen tavizlerde bulunmaya başlamışlardır. Artan tarım gerilemiş ve yerini hayvancılığa bırakmıştır. Dini duygularda azalma ve kiliseye güven azalmış insanlar daha kaderci olmuş, dahası karamsarlıktan kurtulmak için lüksü ekonomik olana tercih etmişlerdir. Sonuç olarak, dönem sonrası Avrupa’da halk ayaklanmaları ve uyanışlara zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu noktadan hareketle, çalışmada Veba öncesi ve sonrası sosyal ve ekonomik hayat,veba sonrası yaşananlara değinilmiş sonuç kısımında ise benzerlik ve farklılıklar yönünden kısa bir değerlendirmede bulunulmuştur.
The tumble era, which began in 1346, has caused millions of deaths, and has become the greatest fear of society by deeply influencing society psychically. As a result of unclear deaths, the world’s economic and sociological structure has completely changed. Even after these events were corrected, the impact on people continued for a long time. Black death has been the biggest threat to humanity as a result of the deaths of 40% of the European population. The epidemic has destroyed the trade structure of the countries they have been infected. The main reason for the destructive socio-economic effects of the epidemic during this period lies in the terrible reality of the sudden and rapid spread of deaths, regardless of which microbes or viruses are caused.14.yy epidemic, the commercial life has passed from cities to rural, the nobles have begun to pay more attention to the working class, and the wealth or heritage records have also disappeared as a result of the deaths, and the wealth in Europe has begun to go out of the hands of the possessors and to the hands of others. Social classification has almost come to the point of disappearance, and the nobles have begun to find unprecedented agreements in history to not give up their comforts. The farming has gone down and has left its place to the farming. People with a decrease in religious emotions and a decrease in confidence in the church have become more fateful, and they have preferred luxury economics to get rid of misery. As a result, after the period, the people in Europe have prepared the ground for rebellion and awakening. From this point on, in the study, social and economic life before and after Veba, and in the result part referred to to the events after Veba, a short assessment of similarities and differences has been made.
The death, called the dark age, which began in 1346, caused the death of millions of people and deeply affected society psychologically, becoming the greatest fear of society. As a result of the deaths that cannot be determined exactly, the economic and sociological structure of the world has completely changed. Even after these events improved, the effect on people continued for a long time. The black death has been the biggest threat to humanity, causing the death of 40% of the European population. The plague epidemic has disrupted the trade structure of the countries they infect. The main reason for the devastating socioeconomic effects of the plague experienced during this period lies in the frightening fact that deaths are sudden and rapid and spread, regardless of which microbe or virus it is caused by.14.with the plague epidemic of the century, commercial life passed from the cities to the countryside, the nobility began to pay more attention to the working class, as a result of deaths, wealth ownership or inheritance records also disappeared, and wealth ownership in Europe began to pass out of the hands of those who acquired it and into the hands of others. Social classification has almost reached the point of extinction, and the nobles have begun to make concessions that have never been seen in their history in order not to give up their own comfort. Increasing agriculture has declined, and livestock has taken its place more. People with decreased religious feelings and decreased trust in the church became more fatalistic, moreover, they preferred luxury to economic one to get rid of pessimism. As a result, it paved the way for popular uprisings and awakenings in post-period Europe. From this point of view, in the study, the social and economic life before and after the plague, the experiences after the plague were mentioned, and in the conclusion part, a brief evaluation was made in terms of similarities and differences.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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