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Selçuklular ve hatta onlardan önce ilk Türk devletlerinde sosyal ve siyasi hayatta kadının önemli bir yeri vardır. Göktürk Kitabeleri’nde kadının yerinden ve öneminden bahsedildiği gibi Uygurlarda da henüz devlet kurulmadan önce bu kavmin reisi savaşlar ile meşgul olduğundan dolayı annesi Uluğ Hatun ihtilaflara ve davalara bakmaktadır. Devletlerarası bir anlaşmayı kağan ile birlikte hatunun da onaylaması gerekmekteydi. Aksi taktirde bu anlaşma geçersiz sayılırdı. Türkler, İslamiyet’i kabul ettikten sonra da kadın devlet içerisindeki bu önemli konumunu muhafaza etmiştir. Selçuklu hanedanına mensup kadınların durumuna baktığımızda bunların kendi emirlerinde askeri birliklerinin, iktalarının, kendilerine ait bir hazinelerinin ve vezirlerinin var olduğunu görürüz. Devletin kaderine yön verecek kadar güçlü olan bu kadınlar gerektiğinde sefere dahi çıkmışladır. Bizans Devleti’nde ise halk tabakasından kadınların yaşayışlarına dair net bilgilere sahip olmasak da yine de eldeki bilgilerden onların Türk toplumunda kadına verilen değerin aynısına sahip olmadıklarını anlayabiliyoruz. Ancak devlet içerisinde hanedana mensup kadınların durumu halk tabakasına mensup kadınların durumundan biraz daha farklıdır. Çünkü onlar, meşruiyetin siyasi aktarımcılarıdır ve bundan dolayı da devlet içerisinde önemli bir konuma sahiplerdir. Bizans Devleti’ndeki hanedan kadınları eşlerinin ölümü sonrasında ya oğullarının naipliğini yapmak suretiyle ya da evlilik yoluyla yeni imparatoru belirlemekteydiler. Bu çalışmada iki çağdaş devlet olan Büyük Selçuklu Devleti ve Bizans Devleti’ndeki kadınların durumu hem toplumsal açıdan hem de hanedan kadınları açısından ayrı ayrı değerlendirilecektir.
The Selchucks and even before them in the first Turkish states have an important role in the social and political life of the woman. As the place and importance of the woman is mentioned in the Göktürk Books, in the Uighurs, even before the state was established, because the reiss of this people was engaged in wars, her mother Uluğ Hatun looks at the disputes and cases. It was necessary to approve an international agreement along with the line. Otherwise, this agreement would be invalid. After Turks accepted Islam, they retained this important position within the women’s state. When we look at the situation of women belonging to the Selçuklu family, we see that they have in their own orders their military units, their powers, their own treasures and their wives. These women, who are strong enough to guide the fate of the state, are going out even the next time. In the Byzantine state, though we don’t have clear information about the lives of women from the public layer, we can still understand that they don’t have the same value they have given to women in the Turkish society. But the situation of women in the state belonging to the family is slightly different from the situation of women in the public class. Because they are the political translators of legitimacy and therefore they have an important position within the state. In the Byzantine state, the dynasty women, after the death of their spouses, were either appointing a new Emperor by making their sons a clergy or by marriage. In this study, the situation of women in the Great Selçuklu State and the Byzantine State, which are two contemporary states, will be evaluated separately, both from a social and family point of view.
In the Seljuks and even the first Turkish States before them, women have an important place in social and political life. In the Göktürk inscriptions, the woman's place and importance are mentioned, as well as in the Uighurs, since the chieftain of this tribe was busy with wars before the establishment of the state, his mother Uluğ Hatun looks at conflicts and lawsuits. Khagan and his wife were also required to ratify an interstate agreement. Otherwise, this agreement would be void.The Turks, after accepting Islam, maintained this important position within the women's state. When we look at the status of women belonging to the Seljuk dynasty, we see that they have military units, their own treasures and viziers in their orders. These women, who are strong enough to lead the destiny of the state, have even gone on the expedition when necessary. Although we do not have clear information about the lives of women in the Byzantine State, we can understand from the information we have that they do not have the same value given to women in Turkish society. However, the status of women belonging to the dynasty in the state is slightly different from that of women belonging to the public. Because they are the political transmitters of legitimacy and because of this they have an important position within the state. Dynastic women in the Byzantine State were to designate the new emperor either by becoming Regent of their sons or by marriage after the death of their wives. In this study, two contemporary States, The Great Seljuk State and the status of women in the Byzantine State, will be evaluated separately both socially and in terms of dynastic women.
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