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Ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyini gösteren önemli parametrelerden biri de enerji tüketimidir. Genel anlamda sanayi olarak gelişmişlik gösteren ülkelerde daha çok enerji tüketilmektedir. Bu bağlamda enerji ihtiyacı yüksek olan ülkeler dışa bağımlı olmamak için farklı alternatif enerji kaynaklarına yönelmektedirler. Bu çalışmada 36 OECD ülkesine ait çeşitli enerji türleri tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki Westerlund (2007) panel eşbütünleşme testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Eşbütünleşme testinden önce verilerin heterojenliği test edilmiş, verilere çeşitli yatay kesit bağımlılık testleri uygulanmış ve paneli oluşturan yatay kesitlerin birbirleri ile bağımlılığı incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, CIPS testi kullanılarak da verilerin durağan olup olmadığı belirlenmiştir. LM, LMadj ve CDLM istatistiklerine göre (p<0.05) yatay kesit bağımlılığının olduğu belirlenmiştir. Böylece ikinci kuşak birim kök testleri kullanılmasının uygun olacağına karar verilmiştir. CIPS testine göre değişkenlerin durağan olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Düzeyde durağan olmayan verilerin birinci farkları alınarak verilere tekrar durağanlık analizi uygulanmış ve verilerin durağan hale getirildiği gözlenmiştir. Sonuçlar enerji tüketimi ile ekonomik büyüme arasında eşbütünleşmenin olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca uzun dönemli eşbütünleşme testi sonucunda hidroelektrik ve yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ile ekonomik büyüme arasında pozitif, termik enerji tüketimi ile ekonomik büyüme arasında ise negatif bir ilişkinin var olduğu belirlenmiştir.
One of the important parameters that indicate the level of development of countries is energy consumption. More energy is consumed in developing countries. In this context, countries with high energy needs are addressing to different alternative energy sources in order to not be externally dependent. This study analyzed the relationship between the consumption and economic growth of various types of energy belonging to 36 OECD countries with the Westerlund (2007) panel integration test. Before the integration test, the heterogenity of the data was tested, various horizontal cutting dependency tests were applied to the data, and the dependency of the horizontal cuts that form the panel was studied. In addition, the CIPS test also determines whether the data is stable. According to LM, LMadj and CDLM statistics (p<0.05) the horizontal cutting dependency has been determined. Thus, it was decided that the second generation unit root tests would be suitable for use. The CIPS test found that the variables were not stable. The first differences of non-stop data at the level have been taken to the data again and the statistical analysis has been applied and the data has been made stable. The results show that there is a combination between energy consumption and economic growth. The long-term integration test also found that there was a positive relationship between hydroelectric and renewable energy consumption and economic growth, and a negative relationship between thermal energy consumption and economic growth.
One of the important parameters showing the development level of the countries is energy consumption. In general terms, in the countries that show developed as industry are consuming more energy. In this context, countries with high energy needs are turning to different alternative energy sources in order not to be dependent on foreign sources. In this study, the relationship between various energy types’ consumption and economic growth belonging to 36 OECD countries was analyzed by Westerlund (2007) panel cointegration test. Before Cointegration test, the heterogeneity of the data was tested, various cross-section dependency tests were applied to the data and the dependency of cross-sections forming the panel was examined. In addition, it was determined whether the data is stationary by using CIPS test. According to the LM, LMadj and CDLM statistics (p <0.05), cross-sectional dependence was determined. Thus, it was decided that it would be appropriate to use the second generation unit root tests. According to CIPS test, it was determined that the variables were not stationary. The first differences of the non-stationary data were taken and again the stationary analysis was applied to the data and it was observed that the data were made stationary. The results showed that there is cointegration between energy consumption and economic growth. In addition, as a result of long-term cointegration test, it was determined that there is a positive relationship between hydroelectric and renewable energy consumption and economic growth, and a negative relationship between thermal energy consumption and economic growth.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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