Özet:

Background: The epic is the embodiment of folk art. But this is a special kind of creativity, which took the real truth from the life of this people and transferred it into an epic narrative. And any kind of creativity tends to artistry. Hence, the epic is basically a historical work that embodies the dream of the people and their real life. Methods: Heroic epic is a special branch of folklore, which is a witness to the centuries-old historical memory of the people, an inseparable spiritual thread, a sign of the presence of high culture. Findings: According to the scientist M. O. Auezov: "Careful, detailed analysis of the Kazakh heroic stories shows: although it can not be said that they clearly reveal the pages of history, but still in allegorical form they draw great pictures of the most important periods of this ancient history" [Auezov, 1991]. Heroic epic allows you to see the life of the people in the distant past, to trace the chain of long-standing historical events, epic traditions and the time of their appearance. It should be noted here that the beginning and the end of a particular period of history is one thing, and the epic time is quite another. Of course, in most cases it is wrong to "seek truth in folklore". However, there are people who do not have documentary evidence of their past, such as ancient Chinese writings or old Russian Chronicles, and who in search of their history have to turn to samples of oral folk literature and genealogy (Shezhire), stored in the people's memory and passed down from generation to generation. It can be noted that the works of the epic, widely used in the people, better than other genres of folklore, characterize its historical past. This is noted in the works of researchers of Kazakh history. For example, in his work "Kazakhstan in 20-40 years of the XIX century", using works of oral folk art as valuable historical evidence, E. Bekmakhanov writes: "Without going into a detailed description of the Kazakh folklore, it should only be noted that due to its abundance, diversity and saturation of facts, it is a truly invaluable treasure for the historian, especially in the field of public relations." Noting the importance of Kazakh folklore for historians, the scientist adds: "the most Important task of the researcher is not only the separation of truth from fiction, but also the maximum possible verification of them with the data of archival and literary sources "[Bekmakhanov, 1992]. This opinion of the scientist confirms how important the works of folklore are for historical science. Improvements: We want to refute well-established in Soviet times, the idea of folklore as folklore is based on fictional images. It is clear that such judgments were spread in order to distance the people from their history, to deprive them of historical memory, to weaken the gene pool of the nation.

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