Abstract:

Climate change adversely affects the environment and human life in many respects. The evidence for climate change on earth is quite solid and convincing. Observable rises in sea levels, melting of a glacier’s ice, the regression of the glacial areas, critical changes in annual precipitation patterns, and global warming increases are specific evidence of climate change. Scientific studies and experimental findings indicate the role of human effects as a primary reason for the changes since the middle of the 20th century. The disproportionate use of fossil fuels resulted in the rapid increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Without a significant decrease in greenhouse gas levels, predictions demonstrate that the World’s average temperature increase may reach 6.4 °C by 2100, and the associated disaster hazards will gradually increase. Iran is among the countries that experience significant increases in climate change effects on the environment and society. Between 1900-and 1980, the number of reported disasters per year was below 100, whereas the annual number of disasters reached 400 between 2000 and 2019. Studies show that climate change is the main reason for disasters such as floods, storms, droughts, land subsidence, and wildfires in Iran. With approximately 687 million tons of CO2 production, Iran ranks first country responsible for climate change in the Middle East and the sixth country in the World. It is noted that without necessary precautions, the increase in climate-related disasters will be much higher in the next ten years.

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