Abstract:

The population is one of the main resources of wealth in the country. Although a number of data in the first years of the Republic can evaluate the quality and quantity of the country’s population, this is not enough. Because the 11-year war process, which began with the Balkan Wars and ended with the Liberation War, has led to a decrease in the country’s population. As a result of the population exchange with Greece, there have also been changes in the country’s demography. These developments have also led to the loss of validity of the data related to the remaining population of the Ottoman State. The youth republic wanted to realize a number of people using modern methods in order to better evaluate the quality and quantity of the country’s population, to use the country’s economic resources more efficiently and to better serve the public. To prepare its substructure, in 1926 the Statistical Public Directorate was established and the Law on the Population Crash was issued. The first population census of the Republic of Turkey was carried out on 28 October 1927. The results of the calculation were more detailed than the calculations made in the Ottoman State. In this study, the demographic structure of Eskişehir in the Ottoman period in 1927 was assessed by the data of the population count. The population characteristics of Eskişehir and its districts have been addressed, the demographic structure has been tried to be explained. According to the data, the state of civilisation of the Eskişehir population, age groups, native state, nature, local birth, reading knowledge and professional activities areas, obstacles and religious membership rates have been systematically studied.

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