Özet:

Mihrab is one of the important architectural elements in mosque architecture. Although the purpose of the use of the mihrab is the same, it differs in terms of material, technique, form and decoration according to periods and regions. In the early and the classical period, mihrabs of Anatolian Seljuk, Principalities and the Ottoman Empire, traditional elements are predominant in terms of form and decoration and it is seen that plaster, tile mosaic, stone and marble materials were used in this period. After the 18th century, the effects of western art movements began to be seen in the form and decoration of the mihrabs, and decoration programs in which Turkish art motifs and western art motifs were tried together emerged. This style of decoration was used in the wooden mihrabs of the historical mosques around Konya during the Late Period of the Ottoman Empire and afterwards. These wooden mihrabs have unique features that reflect the artistic approach and cultural values of the period when they were made. In this study, firstly the emergence and the process of the development of the mihrab concept is examined, and then the development of the mihrab as an architectural element and its architectural change in Anatolian lands are emphasized. The wooden mihrabs in seven historical mosques in the districts of Konya, which belong to the period of the Principalities and the Ottoman Empire and which are determined within the scope of the research, are evaluated in terms of form, size, niche plan scheme, material, ornament and construction technique. The data obtained as a result of the analysis are transferred to the tables and a typology is created by classifying the mihrab’s architectural features and plan schemes, crown features, recessed arch, corner bead and stereobate features. All of the inverted U-shaped mihrabs are placed in the middle of the qibla wall, except for the mihrab of Beyşehir Bayafşar Hızır Ali Paşa Mosque. All the mihrabs investigated have a semicircular niche plan. Two of the seven mihrabs do not have a crown. In the decoration program of wooden mihrabs; there are herbal, geometric ornaments, hand-drawn ornaments and objective ornamental elements. Objective ornamentations are seen in all seven mihrabs. As a wood decoration technique; carving, openwork, lattice, applique, gluing, woodworking and wood painting techniques are used. In ornamental applications, traditional motifs such as rumi, palmette and lotus have been highly stylized. With this research, the artistic style of wooden mihrabs in some districts of Konya is revealed; it is aimed to contribute to period comparisons in project design and implementation studies and to create a source as a documentation study. Detection and documentation of the structures on the site, literature and archive scanning are the main methods used in the study.

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