Abstract:

Maintenance of serum phosphate in the physiological range is critical for many biological processes. Phosphate is an essential component of bones, nucleic acids, and cell membranes, and it plays a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism, intracellular signaling by phosphorylation of proteins, and release of oxygen from hemoglobin. Phosphate is an important urinary and blood acid base buffer 1 . The serum phosphorus level is maintained through a complex interplay between intestinal absorption, exchange intracellular and bone storage pools, and renal tubular reabsorption. The kidney plays a major role in regulation of phosphorus homeostasis by renal tubular reabsorption. Type IIa and type IIc Na transporters are important renal Na dependent inorganic phosphate transporters, which are expressed in the brush border membrane of proximal tubular cells. Both are regulated by dietary inorganic phosphate intake, vitamin D, fibroblast growth factor 23 FGF23 and parathyroid hormone 2 .

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