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Türk bankacılık sisteminde 2003-2010 yılları arasında yüzde 50’lerden yüzde 30’lara gerileyen yabancı para cinsi mevduat ve kredi kullanım oranı (dolarizasyon), 2011 senesi ortalarından itibaren bir yükseliş sürecine girmiştir. Aynı dönemde, Türk lirası (TL) ABD doları (Dolar) kur oynaklığının da paralel bir seyir izlediği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada TL Dolar kur oynaklığını etkileyen dolarizasyon dâhil diğer faktörler, genelleştirilmiş ardışık koşullu dağınık oynaklık (GARCH) sınıfı modellerden uygun bir model olan EGARCH-M modeli kullanılmak suretiyle araştırılmıştır. Yapılan ekonometrik analizden elde edilen bulgular, bankacılık sitemindeki yabancı para kullanımının, özellikle kredi dolarizasyonun, koşullu kur oynaklığına yukarı yönlü etkisine hisse senedi ve borç senedi piyasalarına olan kısa vadeli sermaye akımlarının da koşullu kur oynaklığına aşağı yönlü etkisine işaret etmektedir. Türk kamu borçlanma senedi temerrüt primlerindeki (CDS) yükseliş de kur oynaklığına yukarı yönlü etki ettiği de bulgular arasındadır. Koşullu kur oynaklığının kurda değer kaybına yol açtığı, mevduatlardaki TL Dolar faiz farkın artışın TL’nin değerlenmesine, kredilerdeki TL Dolar faiz farkındaki artışın TL’nin değer kaybına yol açtığı görülmektedir. Ekonomide negatif etkileri bilinen kur oynaklığının düşmesi için bankacılık sistemindeki yabancı para kullanım oranının azaltılması ve sermaye akımlarının teşviki gerekmektedir.
The rate of foreign currency deposit and credit use (dolarization) in the Turkish banking system, which fell from 50 percent to 30 percent between 2003-2010 years, has entered a rise from the middle of 2011. In the same period, the Turkish Lira (TL) US dollar (Dolar) currency game is also seen as a parallel journey. In this study, other factors, including the dollarization that affects the TL Dollar currency gameplay, were investigated by the use of the EGARCH-M model, which is an appropriate model of the generalized consecutive conditional distorted gameplay (GARCH) class models. The findings obtained from the econometric analysis indicate the upward impact of the use of foreign currency on the banking site, in particular the credit dollarization on the conditional rate play; the short-term capital flows on the stock and debt markets also indicate the downward impact on the conditional rate play. The increase in the Turkish public debt rate (CDS) is also among the findings that it has an upward impact on the currency gameplay. The conditional currency game has caused the loss of value in the currency, the increase in the interest rate difference in the deposits in the TL, the increase in the interest rate difference in the TL in the loans has caused the loss of the value of the TL. The negative impact on the economy is to reduce the rate of use of foreign currency in the banking system and encourage capital flows.
Foreign currency usage (as deposits and loans) of the Turkish banking system (dollarization) has gradually decreased from 50 percent in 2003 to 30 percent in 2010. Yet, in the second half of 2011 dollarization in the Turkish banking system began increasing and reached to 50 percent. During the same period, volatility of the Turkish lira US dollar exchange rate has also elevated in a parallel fashion. Adverse effects of volatility on the economy such as discouraging investments, causing higher exchange rate passthrough to inflation are known. Analytic information regarding the determinants of conditional exchange rate volatility is important for monetary policy. In this paper, we investigate determinants of the Turkish lira US dollar exchange rate volatility EGARCH-M. Our results indicate that dollarization of the banking system, particularly credit dollarization has increasing effects on conditional exchange rate volatility. On the other hand, portfolio capital flows both to debt and stocks have reducing effect on conditional exchange rate volatility. At the same time, country risk measure, rise in Turkish government debt default insurance premium (CDS) has increasing effect on conditional exchange rate volatility. Elevation of conditional volatility and increase in interest spreads on Turkish lira US dollar loans lead to depreciation of the Turkish lira, while increase in interest rate spreads on Turkish lira US dollar deposits lead to appreciation of Turkish lira. As policy recommendation of this paper, dollarization in the banking system must be reduced by using appropriate tools while capital flows to the country must be encouraged.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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