Özet:

The first example of plaster mihrab surviving in Anatolia is found in the courtyard mihrab of Harput Great Mosque, which dates back to the second half of the 12th century. In the next century, although the construction of plaster mihrabs was continued, its main development was completed in the Late Principalities and Early Ottoman Periods from the 14th century. After the 14th century, it was frequently preferred because it was easy to apply, accessible and the material took shape more easily. Within the scope of the study, the plaster mihrab in nine mosques and masjids located in the town center of Sivrihisar, whose construction dates vary from the 13th century to the 17th century, has been discussed. All mihrabs were built using the molding technique and it was understood that the molds were cut into strips and applied to the surface of the mihrab niche. The number of ribbons varies in each mihrab. It has been observed that these mihrabs, most of which were built in the 15th century, show similarities among themselves according to their ornamental compositions. However, even though the mihrab of the Treasury of the Masjid, which extends from the floor to the skirt of the dome, is made in the molding technique, it differs from the others in that the motifs filling its surface are worked differently. In addition to the ornamental composition, the tradition of burying tile bowls or ceramic pieces in the mihrab niche, which started with the Seljuk Period in Anatolia and was applied in later periods, is also seen in the mihrab of this mosque. Although many of the ornament compositions used in other mihrabs show similarities with the mihrab ornaments in the nearby geography, it has been determined that the stylized grape cluster motif and the star motif placed in the panel are unique to the region. The fact that the research subject has not been studied before fills the gap in this area, but it is important to make similar ornamental compositions in the applications of plaster mihrabs, of which a large number of examples have been encountered since the 14th century, in the town center of Sivrihisar, in terms of demonstrating the existence of a local style. This is important in that although the construction dates of the plaster mihrabs made in the molding technique are different, the molds were kept for many years and the artists who carried out the construction of the mihrab showed a stylistic unity, thus pointing out the existence of a certain organization among the artists or masters. Although the subject of the research has not been studied before, it fills the gap in this area, but it is important to make similar ornamental compositions in the applications of plaster mihrabs, of which many examples have been encountered since the 14th century, in Sivrihisar town center, in terms of demonstrating the existence of a local style. This is important in that although the construction dates of the plaster mihrabs made in the molding technique are different, the molds were kept for many years and the artists who carried out the mihrab establishment showed a stylistic unity, thus pointing out the existence of a certain organization among the artists or masters.

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