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Osmanlı Devleti’nde Müslüman unsurlarla asırlarca uyumlu bir şekilde yaşayan Hıristiyan reaya, Millet Sistemi denilen ve başında patriklerin bulunduğu bir yapı içerisinde teşkilatlanmışlardı. Osmanlı’da gayrimüslim tebaa evlenme, boşanma, nafaka, velayet, vasiyet, miras, vekâlet, vakıf kurma gibi birçok hukuki konuda kendi milletlerinin kurallarına ve ruhani liderlerine tabi idiler. Ruhban sınıfının başı olan patriklerin kendi milletinden suç işleyenlere padişahının onayından sonra tatbik ettikleri bazı cezalar söz konusuydu. Sürgünün bir çeşidi olan ve kimi zaman da kuleye kapatılmayı da kapsayan manastırbend edilme de bunlardan biriydi. 11. yüzyılda Sivas’ta inşa edilmiş olan Surp Nişan Manastırı, Ermeni patrikliğinin Sivas başpiskoposluğuna yüzlerce yıl ev sahipliği yapmış olan önemli bir dini yapıydı. Ermeni patriği bu merkezi yapıyı ruhban sınıfından olan kimi suçluyu manastırbend etmek için kullandığı gibi bölgedeki Tokat Anna Manastırı’nı da bu amaçla kullanmıştır. Osmanlı taşrasında sürgünün dini bir çeşidi olan manastırbend cezasıyla ilgili iki manastırı merkeze alan bu çalışmayla 19. yüzyılda önemli bir Ermeni nüfusu barındıran Sivas Eyaleti’ndeki bu dini ve içtimai çeşitlilik, belgeleri merkeze alan bu çalışmayla gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır.
The Christian reaya, who lived in harmony with the Muslim elements in the Ottoman State for centuries, was formed within a structure called the National System and in the beginning of which patriots were located. In Ottoman, non-Muslims were subject to the rules of their nations and spiritual leaders in many legal matters, such as marriage, divorce, feed, custody, testament, inheritance, advocacy, foundation. The heads of the Ruhban class were about some punishments that the patriots, who committed crimes from their own nation, practiced after the approval of the king. The monastery, which was a variety of escape and sometimes also includes closing to the tower, was one of them. 11 of 11. The Surp Nishan Monastery, built in the century in Sivas, was an important religious structure which has been the home of the Armenian patriotry’s Sivas primacy for hundreds of years. The Armenian Patriarch used this central structure to monastery some of the criminals, who were from the Ruhban class, as well as the Tokat Anna Monastery in the region for this purpose. With this work that centered two monasteries related to the monastery, which is a religious sort of exile in the Ottoman temple, this religious and internal diversity in the state of Sivas, which hosted a significant Armenian population in the 19th century, has been tried to be shown with this work that centered the documents.
The Christian rayah, who peacefully lived together with Muslim subjects in the Ottoman Empire for centuries, were organized within a structure called the Ottoman Millet (Nation) system managed by the patriarchs. Non-Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire had to follow their own spiritual leaders and obey the rules of their own millet in many legal areas including marriage, divorce, alimony, custody, wills, deceased estates, powers of attorney, and the establishment of foundations in non-Muslim subjects in the Ottoman Empire. The patriarchs, the highest ranking religious leaders among the clergy, could punish those from their own millet if they perpetrated a crime, however, the punishment could only be administered after approval by the padishah. Monastic confinement was one mode of punishment. This penalty was a kind of banishment and would sometimes include imprisonment in a tower. Built in Sivas in the 11th Century, the Monastery of Sourb Nshan was an important religious building which played host to the Sivas archbishopric of the Armenian Patriarch for hundreds of years. The Armenian Patriarch used this central building, along with the Anna Monastery of Tokat, for the monastic confinement of offenders from among the clergy. Based on documentary evidence, this study focuses on these two monasteries to shed light on monastic confinement, which was a kind of religious banishment in the Ottoman’s outer “taşra” regions, and attempts to explore the religious and social diversity witnessed in the Sivas Eyalet which was home to a significant Armenian population in the 19th Century. Keywords: Ottoman Empire, Non-Muslims, Monastic Confinement, Sourb Nshan Monastery of Sivas, Anna Monastery of Tokat.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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