Özet:

Scientists, producers, suppliers and policy makers who direct the markets spend time and budget to ensure that the growing world population has access to balanced and sustainable food to feed. The global human population is estimated to reach 9 billion by 2050 (Alexandratos and Bruinsma, 2012). According to the 2009 report of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), it was stated that global food production should increase by 70% in order to keep up with the increasing human population. Similarly, the global demand for meat and other animal food products is increasing. In addition, as the economic conditions in developing countries improve, it is expected that the food preference will shift towards animal protein and the demand will increase further (Thompson, 2015). Economies of scale force farmers to expand and grow their operations, resulting in higher output. As a result, it is expected that farms will emerge where more animals are kept, while fewer farmers are processed. In addition, the average age of farmers is increasing, especially in industrialized countries (Avarage 58 years old in USA and EU region, 63 in Japan) (Morrone et al., 2022). Given these factors (increasing farm scale and number of animals raised), the observation capacity and hands-on experience that farmers have relied on in the past are no longer sufficient to provide effective daily herd management (Frost et al., 2003; Parsons et al., 2007).

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