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Avrupa’nın Ortaçağ’daki geriliğinin temelinde halkın büyük bölümünün okur-yazar olmayışı ve eğitim almayışından kaynaklandığını söylemek yerinde bir tespit olur. Çünkü sınırlı bir kesimin tekelinde kalan eğitim-öğretim ayrıcalığı sınıfsal farklılığın derinleşmesinde de etkili olmuştur. Buna karşılık İslâm Dünyası’nda eğitim, halkın tamamına teşmil edilmiş, kadın ve erkek için farz kılınmıştır. Bu ise İslâm’ın ilk yılları ile birlikte daha sonra İslâm’ı benimsemiş Türk-İslâm devletleri döneminde hızlı ve parlak bir medeniyetin vücud bulmasına neden olmuştur. Zaman içerisinde eğitim kurumları olarak ortaya çıkan medreselerde günümüz modern bilimlerine ilham kaynağı olan İbn Sina, Farabi, İbn Rüşd, Birunî, İbn Haldun ve İbn Cezerî vb. filozoflar yetişmiştir. İlk Türk-İslâm devletlerinden Karahanlılar ile başlayan Medrese geleneği Selçukluların kurdukları Nizâmiye Medreseleri ile zirve yaptı. Öte taraftan Endülüs Emevî ve Beni Ahmer devletleri döneminde de İspanya’da ortaya konulan eğitim anlayışı ve gelişkin medrese eğitimi Avrupalıları da etkileyerek Rönesans’ın yaşanmasında büyük katkılar sundu. Makalemizin amacı, Haleb Atabeyi Nûreddîn Mahmûd tarafından benimsenmiş olan Büyük Selçuklu Devleti’nin medrese sisteminin (Nizâmiye Medreseleri), Suriye’de uygulanması ile bu medreselerin sosyo-kültürel, dinî ve siyasal hayata etkilerini kaynaklar ışığında ortaya koymaktır.
It will be a right evaluation to say that the main reasons that lie under the Middle Ages European retardation were the high percentage of illiterate population and their being dismissed of education. The education privilege under the control of a limited section of the society became effective in the deepening of class inequality. On the other hand in the Islamic world the education was generalized for all public and was made mandatory both for man and woman. This provided the emerge of a fast and brilliant civilization in the Turk-Islam states who has accepted Islam since early years. In the madrasas which had emerged as education institutions by time philosophers like Ibn Sina, Farabi, Ibn Rushd, Ibn Khaldun, Ibn Jazari, and many others who inspired the modern sciences of today were educated. The tradition of madrasa first started by one of the first Turkish-Islamic states the Karahanists reached its peak with the foundation of Nizamiya Madrasas by Great Seljucks. On the other hand in the education system and developed education apprehension which was practiced by Andulus and Beni Ahmar states in Spain effected Europeans as well and contributes a lot in the emergence of the Renaissance. The aim of this article is to put forward the application of the Great Seljuk Madrasa system (Nizamiya Madrsas) in Syria by Nur al-Din the Atabeg of Aleppo and their socio-cultural, religious and political effects on life under the light of historical sources.
It will be a right evaluation to say that the main reasons which lie under the Middle Age European retardation were the high percentage of illiterate population and their being destitute of education. The education privilege under the control of a limited section of the society became effective in the deepening of the class inequality. On the other hand in the Islamic world the education was generalized for all public and was made mandatory both for man and woman. This provided the emerge of a fast and brilliant civilization in the Turk-Islam states who has accepted Islam since early years. In the madrasas which had emerged as education institutions by time philosophers like Ibn Sina, Farabi, Ibn Rushd, Ibn Khaldun, Ibn Jazari, and many others who inspired the modern sciences of today were educated. The tradition of madrasa firstly started by one of the first Turk-Islam states Karahanlılar reached its peak with the foundation of Nizamiya Madrasas by Great Seljucks. On the other hand in the education system and developed education apprehension which was practiced by Andulus and Beni Ahmar states in Spain effected Europeans as well and contribute a lot in the emergence of the Renaissance. The aim of this article is to put forward the application of the Great Seljuk Madrasa system (Nizamiya Madrsas) in Syria by Nur al-Din the Atabeg of Aleppo and their socio-cultural, religious and political effects on life under the light of historical sources.
Field : Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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