Özet:

Due to its geology, landforms and climatic characteristics, Turkey is in a position that is more affected by natural disasters in the world. Avalanche, one of these natural disasters, is active in the northern and northeastern parts of Turkey and the Eastern Anatolia Region. The topographic and climatic conditions of the study area, which is located in the Dicle open basin on the southern border of the Van Lake Basin, are suitable for avalanche formation. For this reason, many avalanches have occurred in the field and its surroundings in the past years. In this study, the most effective factors on avalanche formation in Hizan and its surroundings, which have a high level of avalanche sensitivity, were examined and avalanche-sensitive areas were determined. For this, the study was completed in the light of the data synthesized by using various maps, field observations and findings, remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) techniques. Geographical factors such as altitude, slope, aspect, slope curvature and land use were used in the production of avalanche susceptibility map of the basin. With the scores given to the maps produced in this way, areas with low, medium and high avalanche sensitivity were defined in the field. The most vulnerable areas to avalanche are the northern border and northeastern parts of the research area. In addition, the overly inclined slopes of the subsecant side branches connecting to Büyükdere, which extends in an East-West axis on the southern border of Hizan, are also avalanche-sensitive areas. When the avalanche susceptibility map obtained with the avalanche points experienced in the past years is compared, it is seen that it overlaps with the points with high avalanche sensitivity. As a result, the research area has areas with high avalanche sensitivity. Therefore, with a proactive approach, actions should be taken to prevent the destruction of the avalanche on the living and non-living environment. In this context, either land use should be intervened from avalanche-sensitive parameters or transportation and education activities should be restricted, especially in avalanche-sensitive areas in winter and early spring. In the area, which has more bush and forest formation compared to its surroundings and the upper limit of the forest reaches 2330 m, besides preventing the increasing forest and bush destruction, afforestation to be made on the V-shaped valley slopes and along the roads, artificial terraces, avalanche tunnel, anchors, fences, avalanche walls, nets, avalanche It is obvious that it will reduce the possible dangers. In addition, controlled artificial avalanches can be created when the meteorological conditions are suitable for avalanche formation in places where avalanches are medium and high sensitive. In addition, roads that are particularly susceptible to avalanches should not be settled and local people should be made aware of avalanches.

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