Özet:

Purpose- The LNG companies are on the brink of a big energy crisis since the advent of Covid-19. In the forefront of global credit defaults of LNG distribution companies, many economic subjects in this sense may be in need of credit ratings in different contexts. The existence of these variety in “principals inside the LNG game” and in in ratings universe causes somewhat conflicting informational objectives. Methodology- This study relies on case studies namely the Enron case and a case from regulated natural gas distribution company in Turkey. Enron case reveals the actions of CRDs and how the default of Enron would be unmasked by using the market implied Vasicek methodology. As per rating methodology concerns, we will be following Vasicek and also rely our fundamental analysis of credit risks and defaults on the rating models used by CRA’s. Therefore, two different rating models of Moody’s corporation and Moody’s analytics will be used in order to differentiate between the two different approaches which might serve to different informational needs of different users. Such analysis is necessary to understand the “relevancy” issues, as two different model might provide different ratings for the same obligor. Within this understanding, the present study focuses on the analysis and modelling of credit risk in an emerging market for The first model, which is the “Regulated Electric and Gas Rating Methodology of Moody’s Investor Services” dated from March the 16th, 2017, is based on a detailed factors grid specified by the key pillars natural gas distribution business. This model’s capabilities are contrasted on the grounds of a secondary model designed for emerging markets developed by the sister company of Moody’s Investor Services renamed after “Moody’s Analytics”. Findings- Enron case highlights the importance of point-in-time rating models over agency based rating models. Within the scope of natural gas distribution company case, care has been given to two different credit risk models of Moody’s. The EDF model provided a PD value of 0.65%, which corresponds to Baa3 level in Moody’s rating agency terms. When this PD is combined with qualitative factors, a final PD ratio of 0.77% is attained. This corrected PD corresponds to Ba1 level of rating. Thus, the Company we rated migrates from Investment Grade to Speculative Grade when qualitative factors are considered in the model. In REGU model, the Company is rated with “Ba”, which is in “Speculative Grade”. It’s PD ratio is 1.01%. This result indicates us a severe difference in default probabilities for the same entity. This is consequent and in line with the informational needs of different users and if different models are used respective to their needs. A borrowing entity or an issuer would prefer a PD which is lower and an investor would prefer to be rated with the model, which would provide us a lower rating with higher credit spreads to fulfil the investor needs. We support our decision-making process for extending loans, managing portfolios pricing debt securities when there is little available market insight into a firm’s prospects by using the The Moody’s “RiskCalc v3.1” model. Conclusion- It may be concluded that each rating model is developed by rating agencies for different purposes and models used here would belong either to structural or to the statistical agency model. It is also concluded that a firm does not have an absolute correct rating and or default probability within the same period because each rating model uses different criteria and methods, which might be alternative to different user needs. EDF credit risk models provide better prediction capabilities of default than its alternative REGU model. Because EDF credit measures are based on market prices they are forward looking and reflect the current position in the credit cycle. They are a timely and reliable measure of credit quality. We need to choose the appropriate rating model to make accurate analysis and minimize risks for providing correct information on different user types and level.

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