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Son yüzyılın en büyük problemlerinden olan iklim değişikliği ile dünya, enerji sektöründe yenilenebilir enerji gibi yeni alanlara yönelmiştir. İklim değişikliğine neden olan ve atmosfere yayılan sera gazlarının azaltımı konusunda ülkeler yeni çerçeve anlaşmaları yapmaya ve gaz emisyonlarını kontrol altında tutmak için çalışmaya başlamışlardır. İklim değişikliği konusunda mücadeleyi sağlamaya yönelik uluslararası tek çerçeve 1992 yılında düzenlenen zirvede Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi (BMİDÇS)’nin eki olarak kabul edilen Kyoto Protokolü’dür. Söz konusu protokol gelişen teknoloji ve sürdürülebilir yatırım projeleri ile sera gazı emisyonlarını azaltma faaliyetlerini teşvik etmektedir. Bu kapsamda, büyük paya sahip karbon gazının azaltımı için piyasa oluşturulması, oluşan piyasanın işleyiş süreçleri ve piyasadaki alım satım işlemleri karbon ticareti olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Karbon ticaretiyle birlikte karbon finansmanı yeni bir finansman unsuru olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Karbon piyasalarının oluşması için ülkeler, kurum ve kuruluşların ekolojik ayak izlerini gündeme alıp hesaplamaları gerekmektedir. Hem küresel anlamda hem de ülkemizde söz konusu ayak izleri arasında en hızlı artış gösteren ve oransal olarak büyük bir paya sahip olan iz Karbon Ayak İzi’dir. Söz konusu ayak izi hesaplamalarında tek atık olarak görülen karbon diğer izlere göre farklı bir konumda ele alınmalıdır. Karbon Ayak İzi, insanın yaşamsal faaliyetleri sonucunda bilerek ya da bilmeyerek üretmiş olduğu karbondioksitin çevreye verdiği zarar olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bu çalışma ile karbon ticareti hakkında bilgi vererek söz konusu hususta ortaya çıkan veya çıkabilecek potansiyel durumu hem genel hem de Türkiye açısından değerlendirerek bir farkındalık yaratmak amaçlanmıştır.
With climate change, one of the biggest problems of the last century, the world has turned to new areas such as renewable energy in the energy sector. On the reduction of greenhouse gases that lead to climate change and spread into the atmosphere, countries have begun to work on new framework agreements and to keep their gas emissions under control. The single international framework for the fight against climate change is the Kyoto Protocol, which was adopted as an annex to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at the 1992 Summit. The Protocol encourages developing technology and sustainable investment projects and greenhouse gas emissions reduction activities. In this context, the creation of a market for the reduction of large-scale carbon gases, the processes of processing of the market formed and the processes of purchase and sale in the market are called carbon trade. With the carbon trade, carbon financing is facing us as a new financial element. For the formation of carbon markets, countries, institutions and organizations need to plan and calculate the ecological footprints. In both the global sense and in our country, the fastest growth among these footprints is the carbon footprint, which has a proportionally large scale. Carbon, which is seen as a single waste in these footprint calculations, should be treated in a different position than the other footprint. The carbon foot image can be considered as harm to the environment by carbon dioxide produced by or by the human life as a result of life activities. This study is aimed at creating awareness by evaluating the potential situation that arises or may arise in the matter by providing information about carbon trade, both from a general and Turkish perspective.
Most countries have had tendencies into new areas such as renewable energy, especially in energy sector because of the climate change, which is one of the biggest problems of the last century. In order to reduce greenhouse gases, which cause climate change and spread through the atmosphere, and to keep the gas emissions in check, countries have started to form new framework agreements. In this respect, in the World Summit, taking place in Brazil in 1992, the only international framework, accepted as the appendix of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and providing the challenge of global warming and climate change, is the Kyoto Protocol. In this context, carbon trading is defined as creation of a market for reductions of the carbon dioxide gas having the largest share, the market's processes of functioning and transactions in the market. Together with carbon trading, carbon financing has become a new financing element. With the rapid growth of carbon trade and emerging new market, carbon economy is seen as the most effective way to finance sustainable development. For the formation of carbon market, countries, institutions and foundations should take the ecological footprints into consideration and make calculations. Carbon footprint is the largest share in the total distribution of the world and Turkey's Ecological footprint, as well as showing the fastest increase. Evaluation of being only waste used in calculations (due to the acceptance of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere as waste), requires to be examined on a different perspective from other footprints classified according to the type of terrain. Carbon footprint is the measure of damages of human activities to the environment in terms of the amount of greenhouse produced and measured from type of carbon dioxide gas. The most important condition of the functioning of the carbon stock emerged as a result of carbon trading is to determine of the carbon footprint. The aim of this study is to give awareness about carbon trade by evaluating the potential situation that occurs or may occur in terms of both general perspective and Turkey.
Alan : Fen Bilimleri ve Matematik; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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