Abstract:

The increase in production due to the increasing consumption demand in industrialized societies created by the Industrial Revolution and the changes in production and consumption patterns caused the unconscious use of natural resources and the rapid increase in environmental problems. Especially the desire of developing countries to catch up with developed countries may cause environmental sensitivity to be put into the background. Trade liberalization in Turkey, especially after the 1980s, has led to the importance of foreign trade and rapid development. Although many factors play a role in the formation of environmental pollution, this process, in which industrialization and urbanization are experienced together, is considered as an important reason for the increase in environmental problems. In this respect, in this study, it was aimed to examine the effects of real GDP, openness ratio and urbanization level variables on the CO2 emission volume between the period of 1960-2018 in Turkey and ARDL (Autoregressive-Distributed Lag) limit test method was used. After determining the cointegration relationship between the variables as a result of the analysis, the long-term coefficients of the independent variables were calculated. According to the calculated long term coefficients, it was concluded that independent variables used in the study increased environmental pollution.

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