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XIX. yüzyıl, Rus edebiyat tarihinde dünya yazınına kazandırdığı yazarlar ve eserler nedeniyle “altın çağ” olarak adlandırılan bir dönemdir. Bu dönemin önemli yazarlarından biri, devrimci demokrat kimliğiyle bilinen Nikolay Gavriloviç Çernişevski’dir. Yazarın 1863 yılında yayımlanan Nasıl yapmalı? (Что делать) adlı romanı, 1860’lı yılların genç neslinin karakteristik özelliklerini vermesi açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Romanda yeni nesil Rus insanının düşünce dünyasının aktarılmasına aracılık eden kahramanlar, “yeni insan” tipinin canlı örnekleri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu anlamda geleceğin ideal toplumunu temsil eden ve yeni ahlaki değerleri savunan “yeni insan”ın temsilcileri Lopuhov, Kirsanov, Vera Pavlovna ve Rahmetov’dur. Bu çalışmada, XIX. yüzyıl Rus edebiyatında beliren “yeni insan” tipinin tanımlanması, ortaya çıkış nedenlerinin ve karakteristik özelliklerinin ayrıntılarıyla ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Çernişevski romanında kahramanların oynadıkları rolü ve kendi dünya görüşüne göre içinde bulunduğu dönemin en belirgin özelliklerini bünyesinde taşıyan “yeni insan” tiplerini ayrıntılı bir biçimde betimlemiştir. Yazar kendi deyimiyle yeni neslin sıradan erdemli insanlarını tanıtmak ister. Bu düşünceyle ortaya çıkan ve büyük tartışmalara neden olan Nasıl Yapmalı? yeni nesil Rus insanının değer yargılarını en gerçekçi biçimde gözler önüne serme özelliği taşımaktadır. Sonuç kısmında elde edilen bulgular ışığında Çernişevski’nin “yeni insan” tiplerinin güçlü bir iradeye sahip, rasyonalist, eylem insanı, mutluluk odaklı, pragmatizmi benimsemiş ve topluma rol model oldukları anlaşılmıştır.
The XIX. The century is a period called the "Golden Age" because of the writers and works it has earned the world writing in the Russian literature history. One of the important writers of this period is Nikolay Gavrilovich Chernishevsky, known for his revolutionary democratic identity. How did the writer do it in 1863? His novel (Cho to Do) has an important place in the 1860s’s giving the characteristic characteristics of the young generation. The heroes in the novel who mediate the translation of the new generation of Russian people’s thought world appear to us as live examples of the “new human” type. In this sense, the representatives of the "new man" who represents the ideal society of the future and defends the new moral values are Lopuhov, Kirsanov, Vera Pavlovna and Rahmetov. In this work, the XIX. The purpose of the definition of the "new human" type that appears in the Russian literature of the century is to be revealed in detail with the causes of its appearance and its characteristic characteristics. In his novel, Chernishevsky detailed the role the heroes play and the types of "new people" which carry within the most distinct characteristics of the period in which he was in according to his own world view. The author wants to introduce the new generation’s ordinary virtue people with his own word. How do we do that that which arises with this thought and causes great controversy? The new generation of Russians has the ability to present the values of the Russian people in the most realistic way. In light of the findings obtained in the result part, it is understood that the types of "new man" of Chernishevsky have a strong will, are rationalist, action human, happiness-oriented, have adopted pragmatism and are a role model for society.
XIX. century is a period in the history of Russian literature that is regarded as a "golden age" due to the writers and works that it contributed to world literature. One of the important writers of this period is Nikolay Gavrilovic Chernishevsky, known for his revolutionary democrat identity. The author's What Is To Be Done?, published in 1863. His novel (Что делать) gives the characteristic features of the young generation of the 1860s. In the novel, the protagonists who mediate the world of thought of the new generation of Russian people are living examples of the "new human" type. In this sense, the representatives of the "new man" who represent the ideal society of the future and defend new moral values are Lopuhov, Kirsanov, Vera Pavlovna and Rahmetov. In this work, it is aimed to define the "new person" type that appeared in XIX. century Russian literature, to reveal the reasons for its emergence and its characteristic features in detail. In his novel, Chernishevsky has described in detail the most prominent features of his worldview, the types of "new people", through his heroes. The author, in his own words, wants to introduce ordinary but virtuous people of the new generation. The “What Is To Be Done?” named novel has the feature of revealing the value judgements of the new generation Russian people in the most realistic way. According to the evaluation in the conclusion part, it has been understood that Chernyshevsky's "new people" types have a strong will, rationalist, activist, happiness-oriented, pragmatic and role models for society.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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