Özet:

One of the methods used in Sufism to establish the familiarity between Allah and the servant is Khalwa (solitude). In the early periods of Sufism, the khalwa, which meant to live alone and away from society to protect from sin and approach Allah, has become a systematic practice with the formation of tariqas (orders). Thus, it was started to be implemented tekije and dargah (dervish lodges) in dark rooms large enough for one person, under the supervision of a murshid (spiritual guide). The tariqas (orders) in which the khalwa practice is observed are mostly those that attach importance to fighting with the nafs (ego). In this study, first of all, the emergence of the khalwa practice and its development in the history of Sufism will be briefly expressed. Then, in the context of Akshamsaddin Mohammad bin Hamza, Misirlioglu Abdurrahim Karahisari, Bolulu Himmet Effendi and hagiographies, the khalwa practice of Shamsiyya-Bayramiyya will be determined and compared with Baba Yusuf Sivrihisari's understanding of khalwa. In Bayramiyya's understanding of khalwa, the effects of the Suhrawardiyya can be seen due to its connection to the chain. In the Bayramiyye Tariqa, the khalwa is usually applied just after the sheikh is affiliated with. Although the duration of the khalwa in Bayramiyya is forty days, the murshid may extend or shorten the duration according to the condition of the murid. It is essential to eat and drink less in the khalwa. But the amount of it and the food to be eaten are determined by the murshid according to the temperament of the murid. The place to enter the khalwa should be narrow and dark. In Shamsiyya-Bayramiyya, there are eight conditions that must be obeyed in the khalwa. These conditions are also included in Baba Yusuf Sivrihisari's understanding of Sufism. According to Baba Yusuf, the conditions of khalwa are listed as " cleanliness (taharah), silence, uzlat, fasting, continuing dhikr, distracting thoughts, friendship with, and eat less-drinking less". Within the framework of these conditions, the murid performs ghusl while entering the khalwa, becomes halal with everyone and repent of all his sins. He always has wudu during the khalwa. He stays away from people. He spends his days fasting (sawm). He makes his iftar with a very small amount of food determined by the murshid. He removes the thoughts that will disturb the peace that comes to the heart by being busy with dhikr at any moment.

Anahtar Kelimeler: