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Bu çalışmada Jellinek’in Cermenik hak anlayışı Alm: germanische Rechtsanschauung, İng: teutonic conception of right ismini verdiği kavramsallaştırmanın, Türk Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin temel hak ve özgürlükler içtihadı üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Cermenik hak anlayışına göre, tarihsel süreçte, özellikle Avrupa toplumlarında devlet ile toplum birbirinin karşısında konumlanmıştır; böylece hak da devletin ve toplumun birbirlerine karşı ödevleri olarak anlaşılmaktadır. Yani bu hak anlayışı, bireyin kendini gerçekleştirmesi ve maddi ve manevi varlığının devlet tarafından korunup geliştirilmesine dayanmaktadır. Görülen odur ki bu anlayış Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin verdiği kararlarda etkilidir. Anayasa Mahkemesi, verdiği kararlarda Roma-Cermenik benzeri bir düzene ait paradigmayı temel almaktadır. Bu paradigma, devlet, bireyin pozitif statü hakları söz konusu olduğunda birey lehine işlemektedir. Fakat aynı durum, hak devletle birlikte tanımlandığından, devletin kaçınma yükümlülüğü söz konusu olan negatif statü haklarının zaman zaman dar yorumlanmasına sebebiyet vermektedir. Böylece Anayasa Mahkemesi, siyasi bir amaçla değil, fakat bir refleks olarak kendi tarihselliğinde Roma-Cermenik hak anlayışını benimsemektedir
In this study, Jellinek’s Cermenic right concept is called Alm: germanische Rechtsanschauung, English: teutonic conception of right, which aims to examine the influence of the Turkish Constitutional Court on fundamental rights and freedoms. According to the Germanic right concept, in the historical process, especially in European societies, the state and society are positioned against each other; so the right is also understood as the tasks of the state and society against each other. That is, this concept of right is based on the realization of the individual and the protection and development of his material and spiritual existence by the state. It is clear that this understanding is effective in the decisions made by the Constitutional Court. The Constitutional Court is based on the paradigm of a Roman-Cermanian-like system in its decisions. This paradigm, the state, works in favor of the individual when it comes to the individual’s positive status rights. But the same situation, as the right is defined together with the state, causes the negative status rights, which are subject to the obligation of the state to avoid, to be sometimes narrowly interpreted. Thus, the Constitutional Court adopts the Romanian-Cermanian concept of right in its history, not for political purposes, but as a reflection.
This paper aims to elucidate the impact of so called teutonic conception of right Ger: germanische Rechtsanschauung by Jellinek upon the judgments of Turkish Constitutional Court related to constitutional rights. According to the teutonic conception of right theory, state and society, in particularly European Societies, evolve in a way that they are to be reciprocally positioned; thus both are defined by the duties owed to each other. Such a conception implies that the state is primarily responsible for the individual’s self-realization and is the guardian and guarantor for the protection of the one’s material and spiritual existence. It seems that Turkish Constitutional Court’s judgments are dramatically influenced by the conception that the Court, to a significant extent, embraces a paradigm that is mostly belong to a Roman-teutonic order in its judgments. When the positive rights considered, this paradigm operates in favour of the individual, However, the very same position, could pose a threat to constitutional rights by occasionally giving rise to a narrow interpretation of negative rights in favour of state due to fact that the construction of right in such a conception relies upon the state’s duties. Thus, Turkish Constitutional Court embraces Roman-teutonic conception of right strategically in its historical position, but not as a consequence of a political preference
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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