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Türk Mimarisi içerisinde kurucu olarak kadınların varlığı Hun ve Göktürk dönemlerine kadar geri götürülebilmektedir. Bu durum ilerleyen dönemlerde süreklilik göstermekle birlikte, en yoğun yaşandığı çağ Osmanlı’nın “Klasik” dönemidir. Bu kurucu/bâni grubu, imparatorluğun çeşitli bölgelerinde isimlerini yaşatan mimarlık ürünleri yaptırmışlardır. Ancak başkent olması nedeniyle en görkemli anıtsal mimari örneklerin bulunduğu İstanbul ve özellikle Üsküdar’da belirli bir yoğunlaşma izlenebilmektedir. Üsküdar’daki geniş organizasyonlu ve anıtsal mimari örneklerin tamamına yakını, Valide Sultanlar başta olmak üzere Harem kadınları tarafından inşa ettirilmiştir. Ayrıca Üsküdar’da bulunan bu yapılar, hem organizasyon hem anıtsallık bağlamında, bânilerinin “prestij yapısı” olarak nitelendirilebilecek uygulamalardır. Bahsedilen yapılar haricinde sadece üç adet anıtsal mimari örnek erkek baniler tarafından inşa edilmiştir: Rum Mehmed Paşa Küliyesi, Şemsi Paşa Külliyesi ve Selimiye Külliyesi. Bu durumun sebeplerini anlamak için başvurulacak referanslar ise çevre koşullarda aranmalıdır. Çevre koşulların değerlendirilmesi, Üsküdar’ın bir kent olarak niteliklerini saptamak ve diğer bölgelere göre farklı olduğu noktaları ortaya koymakla mümkündür. Buna göre şehrin tarihi, coğrafi, siyasi ve demografik özellikleri analiz edilmelidir. Böylelikle Üsküdar’daki bu yoğunlaşmanın sebepleri hakkında bir yaklaşım geliştirilebilecektir.
The existence of women as founders/patrons in Turkish Architecture can be dated back to Hun and Göktürk periods. Although this situation shows continuity in the following ages, the most intense period was the Classical age of the Ottoman Empire. These patrons built architectural products that kept their names alive in various regions of the empire. However, it can be observed that the most magnificent monuments built by Harem women were mostly located in Istanbul - especially in Üsküdar. Almost all of the monumental structures in Üsküdar were built by Harem women, especially by the Valide Sultans. These buildings/complexes can be described as the prestigious structure of the patrons in the context of both organization and monumentality. Aside from the mentioned structures, only three other monumental architectural examples were built by male patrons: Rum Mehmed Pasha Complex, Shemsi Pasha Complex and Selimiye Complex. References to the causes of this situation should be searched under environmental conditions. The analysis of environmental conditions can be possible by determining the characteristics of the city, and revealing the points where it is different from other regions or cities. Accordingly, the historical, geographical, political and demographic characteristics of the city should be analyzed. Thus, a theory can be established about the reasons for this concentration in Usküdar.
The existence of women as founders/patrons in Turkish Architecture can be dated back to Hun and Göktürk periods. Although this situation shows continuity in the following ages, the most intense period was the Classical age of the Ottoman Empire. These patrons built architectural products that kept their names alive in various regions of the empire. However, it can be observed that the most magnificent monuments built by Harem women were mostly located in Istanbul – especially in Üsküdar. Almost all of the monumental structures in Üsküdar were built by Harem women, especially by the Valide Sultans. These buildings/complexes can be described as prestige structure of the patrons in the context of both organization and monumentality. Aside from the mentioned structures, only three other monumental architectural examples were built by male patrons: Rum Mehmed Pasha Complex, Şemsi Pasha Complex and Selimiye Complex. References to the causes of this situation should be searched under environmental conditions. The analysis of environmental conditions can be possible by determining the characteristics of Üsküdar as a city, and revealing the points where it is different from other regions or cities. Accordingly, the historical, geographical, political and demographic characteristics of the city should be analyzed. Thus, a theory can be established about the reasons for this concentration in Üsküdar.
Field : Güzel Sanatlar; Mimarlık, Planlama ve Tasarım
Journal Type : Ulusal
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