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Liberalleşme, son elli yıldır dünyada etkisini gösteren olgulardan biridir. Bu bağlamda dünyadaki ihracat ve ithalat hacmi çok artmaktadır. Dünya ekonomisi için dış ticaretin özel bir yeri olduğundan dolayı, dış ticareti üzerinde etkili olan faktörler önem kazanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, ülkeler arasındaki mesafeleri dış ticaretle ilişkilendiren, ülkeler arasındaki mesafelerin dış ticarete etkisini ölçen ve son zamanlarda ampirik çalışmalarda sık kullanılmaya başlayan genişletilmiş çekim modeli çalışmanın ana konusudur. Çalışmanın amacı, genişletilmiş çekim modeli kullanılarak, Türkiye’nin ve Irak’ın 1990-2016 yılları ihracat, ithalat ve toplam dış ticaret hacminin analiz edilmesidir. Kullanılan bağımsız değişkenler, Türkiye’nin, Irak’ın ve diğer ülkelerin ekonomik büyüklükleri, ekonomik büyüklük benzerliği, göreceli faktör donanımı ve başkentler arasındaki uzaklıkları ile ortak sınır kukla değişkenleridir. Bağımlı değişken ise Türkiye’nin, Irak’ın ihracatı, ithalatı ve dış ticaretidir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre Türkiye’nin ve Irak’ın geliri yüksek olan ülkelerle daha fazla ticaret yapma eğiliminde olduğu görülmüştür. Bulgular Türkiye’nin ihracatının Irak’ın ithalatının endüstriler-arası ticaret özelliğine sahip olduğunu desteklemektedir. Türkiye’nin dış ticareti için mesafe değişkeninin katsayısı beklenen negatif işarete sahiptir ve anlamlıdır. Ayrıca Irak’ın ortak sınır kukla değişkeni katsayısı pozitif işaret sahiptir ve anlamlıdır.
Liberalization is one of the phenomena that shows its effect in the world in the last fifty years. In this regard, the export and import volume of the world is increasing gradually. Since foreign trade has a significant place for the world economy, factors affecting foreign trade has gained importance. In this context, the Augmented Gravity Model, which associates distance between countries with foreign trade, measures the effect of distances between countries on foreign trade and has begun to be popular in recent times, is the main subject of the study. The objective of the study is to analyze Turkey's and Iraq's exports, imports and total foreign trade volume by using increased gravity model for the period of 1990-2016. The explanatory variables are Turkey's, Iraq's and their partner countries' economic size, economic size similarity, relative factor endowment, populations, distance between capital, and common border dummies. The dependent variables are Turkey's and Iraq's export, import and foreign trade. The findings of the study were that Turkey and Iraq tend to make trading more with countries with high income. Findings also support that Turkey's export and Iraq's import has inter-industry trade pattern. The coefficient of distance variable for Turkey's foreign trade was significant and had negative sign as expected. Also the coefficient of common border dummy for Iraq’s foreign trade was significant and had a positive sign.
Liberalization is one of the phenomenon which show its effect in the world in the last fifty years. In this regards, export and import volume of the world is increasing gradually. Since the foreign trade has a significant place for the world economy, factors affecting foreign trade has gained importance. In this context, Augmented Gravity Model, which associate distance between countries with foreign trade, measures effect of distances between countries on foreign trade and has begun to be popular in recent times, is the main subject of the study. Objective of the study is to analyze Turkey’s and Iraq’s export, import and total foreign trade volume by using augmented gravity model for the period of 1990-2016. The explanatory variables are Turkey’s, Iraq’s and their partner countries’ economic size, economic size similarity, relative factor endowment, populations, distance between capital, and common border dummies. The dependent variables are Turkey’s and Iraq’s export, import and foreign trade. Findings of the study were that Turkey and Iraq tends to make trading more with countries with high income. Findings also support that Turkey’s export and Iraq’s import has inter-industry trade pattern. The coefficient of distance variable for Turkey’s foreign trade was significant and had negative sign as expected. Also the coefficient of common border dummy for Iraq’s foreign trade was significant and had positive sign.
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